{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T09:51:04Z","timestamp":1790761864447,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,19]],"date-time":"2009-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1232323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Both human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1*15 and Epstein-Barr virus infection presenting as infectious mononucleosis (IM) are recognized as risk factors for multiple sclerosis (MS). However, their combined effect and possible interaction on MS risk is not known.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Objective<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>To assess the association between HLA-DRB1*15 and risk of MS in persons with and without IM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>We compared the prevalence of DRB1*15 in MS patients with ( n\u00a0=\u00a076) and without ( n\u00a0=\u00a01,836) IM with the corresponding distributions in blood donors with ( n\u00a0=\u00a062) and without ( n\u00a0=\u00a0484) IM histories. This allowed us to estimate the relative risk of MS associated with DRB1*15 in the presence and absence, respectively, of previous IM. We then estimated the interaction between DRB1*15 and IM as the ratio of the two individual odds ratios.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>In IM-na\u00efve individuals, DRB1*15 carried a 2.4-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0\u20133.0) increased MS risk. In contrast, among persons with IM history, DRB1*15 was associated with a 7.0-fold (95% CI, 3.3\u201315.4) increased MS risk. Thus, the MS risk conferred by HLA-DRB1*15 was 2.9 (95% CI, 1.3\u20136.5)-fold stronger in the presence than in the absence of IM. Combined with previous results, this result indicates that DRB1*15-positive persons with a history of IM may be at a 10.0-fold (95% CI, 6.0\u201317.9) increased risk of MS compared with persons who are DRB1*15 and IM-na\u00efve.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusion<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>DRB1*15 and IM may act in synergy causing MS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458508100037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,19]],"date-time":"2009-01-19T20:55:04Z","timestamp":1232398504000},"page":"431-436","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["Effects of infectious mononucleosis and HLA-DRB1*15 in multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"TR","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Rostgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Askling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Solna, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Steffensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Oturai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Jersild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology, Skejby Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Koch-Henriksen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Public Health, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Aalborg Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"PS","family":"S\u00f8rensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Hjalgrim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, 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