{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:11:22Z","timestamp":1777936282200,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,19]],"date-time":"2009-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1237420800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The influence of pregnancy on Multiple Sclerosis (MS) has been extensively studied but such influence on Latin American women with MS has not been characterized. Our objective was to describe the course of pregnancy and birth outcome in Argentinean MS patients and the evolution of MS during pregnancy and after delivery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Method<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>We used a retrospective design in eight MS centers in Argentina and administered a survey to women with definite MS (Mc Donald) with pregnancies during or after MS onset. We contacted 355 women of which 81 met inclusion criteria. We recorded 141 pregnancies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Involuntary abortion was observed in 16% of pregnancies (95% CI\u00a0=\u00a010\u201323). Thirty five women received immunomodulatory therapy (IMT) before 42 pregnancies. Twenty three (55%) out of 42 pregnancies were exposed to IMT. The mean time of IMT discontinuation before conception in 19 (45.2%) pregnancies without exposure, was 104 days (95% CI\u00a0=\u00a061.0\u2013147.0). There were 103 deliveries: 79% full term. Birth defects were detected in 19% of pregnancies exposed to IMT (95% CI\u00a0= 4\u201346) and in 2% of non-exposed (95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.3\u20138.0). The mean relapse rate was: pre-pregnancy year: 0.22 (95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.12\u20130.32); pregnancy: 0.31 in 1st (95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.10\u20130.52), 0.19 (95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.03\u20130.36) in 2nd, and 0.04 in 3rd trimester (95% CI\u00a0=\u00a0\u20130.04\u20130.12); 1st trimester post delivery: 0.82 (95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.42\u20131.22).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusion<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>We observed a higher rate of birth defects among infants exposed to immunomodulators in utero than those not exposed. The reduction in MS relapses during 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy and its increase during postpartum is consistent with previous reports.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458509102366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,19]],"date-time":"2009-03-19T20:28:11Z","timestamp":1237494491000},"page":"555-562","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Epidemiological characteristics of pregnancy, delivery, and birth outcome in women with multiple sclerosis in Argentina (EMEMAR study)"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"N","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez Liguori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Section Hospital E.Torn\u00fa, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Klajn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Hospital E.Torn\u00fa, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Acion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F","family":"C\u00e1ceres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Clinic Instituto Neurociencias Buenos Aires (INEBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Calle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Section Hospital Franc\u00e9s, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Carr\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Section Hospital Brit\u00e1nico, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Cristiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Section Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Deri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Section Hospital J. Fern\u00e1ndez, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O","family":"Garcea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimmmunology Unit Hospital J.M Ramos Mej\u00eda, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Jaureguiberry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimmmunology Unit Hospital J.M Ramos Mej\u00eda, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Onaha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Section Hospital Brit\u00e1nico, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Patrucco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Section Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Riccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Section Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Rotta Escalante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Section Policl\u00ednico Bancario, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"ML","family":"Saladino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Section Hospital E.Torn\u00fa, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic Instituto Neurociencias Buenos Aires (INEBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Sinay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Section Hospital Franc\u00e9s, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Tarulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Section Policl\u00ednico Bancario, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Villa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimmmunology Unit Hospital J.M Ramos Mej\u00eda, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199807303390501"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006254-199205000-00002"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.56.10.1043"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100047351"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1994.00540230058013"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410360712"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pmj.78.922.460"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2003.10.020"},{"key":"atypb10","first-page":"134","volume":"25","author":"Correale J","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rev Neurol Arg"},{"key":"atypb11","first-page":"55","volume":"28","author":"Correale J","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rev Neurol Arg"},{"key":"atypb12","first-page":"67","volume":"10","author":"Dwosh E","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int MS J"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000168905.97207.d0"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000180575.77021.c4"},{"key":"atypb15","unstructured":"15 Coyle PK; \u2004Johnson K; \u2004Pardo L; \u2004Stark Y; \u2004. 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