{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T18:18:31Z","timestamp":1790965111969,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,4]],"date-time":"2009-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1244073600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p\/>\n                  <jats:p>Background<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>In Caucasian populations Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO-IgG) antibody has been detected in 27.1% \/ 78.2% of patients with relapsing-NMO (R-NMO). The prevalence reported for the disease in the Caribbean is 3.1\/100,000 in the French West Indies (FWI) and 0.52 \/100,000 in Cuba, but the NMO antibody status is unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Objective<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>To assess the NMO-IgG antibody status of Cuban\/FWI RNMO patients, comparing with European cases tested at the same laboratories.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Serum NMO-IgG antibodies were assayed in 48 R-NMO patients (Wingerchuck\u00b4s 1999 criteria): Cuba (24)\/FWI (24), employing Lennon et al\u00b4s method. We compared the demographic, clinical, disability and laboratory data between NMO-IgG +\/- patients. All the data were reviewed and collected blinded to the NMO-IgG status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Seropositivity of the NMO-IgG antibody demonstrated a lower rate in the Caribbean (33.3%), as compared with Caucasian patients from Spain\/Italy (62.5%) and France (53.8%). Caribbean patients with NMO-IgG (+) displayed more attacks, more spinal attacks and a higher EDSS than NMO-IgG (-) cases, while brain and spinal cord MRI lesions were more frequent during remission, with more vertebral segments, more gray, white matter and holocord involvement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>NMO IgG positive antibodies in NMO patients had a lower rate in the Caribbean area \u2013 where the population has a predominant African ancestry \u2013 than in Caucasian Europeans, suggesting the influence of a possible ethnic factor in the pathogenesis of the disease, but they confer a worse course with more attacks, more disability and MRI lesions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458509104585","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,4]],"date-time":"2009-06-04T20:55:50Z","timestamp":1244148950000},"page":"828-833","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Neuromyelitis optica positive antibodies confer a worse course in relapsing-neuromyelitis optica in Cuba and French West Indies"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"JA","family":"Cabrera-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cuban Multiple Sclerosis Society and International Neurological Restoration Center, Havana, Cuba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Bonnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Pierre Zobda Quitman Hospital, Fort de France, Martinique, French West Indies"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Quevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Havana, Cuba. Calle 29 y D, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Saiz-Hinarejos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Neurology Hospital Clinic and Institut d\u2019Invesigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e8dica August Pi i Sanyer (IAIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Marignier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H\u00f4pital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Lyon, France; U842 INSERM, Facult\u00e9 La\u00ebnnec, Lyon Cedex"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Olindo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Pierre Zobda Quitman Hospital, Fort de France, Martinique, French West Indies"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Graus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Neurology Hospital Clinic and Institut d\u2019Invesigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e8dica August Pi i Sanyer (IAIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Smadja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Pierre Zobda Quitman Hospital, Fort de France, Martinique, French West Indies"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Merle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Pierre Zobda Quitman Hospital, Fort de France, Martinique, French West Indies"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, Pierre Zobda Quitman Hospital, Fort de France, Martinique, French West Indies"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"G\u00f3mez-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sancti Spiritus Children Hospital, Sancti Spiritus, Cuba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Cabre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Pierre Zobda Quitman Hospital, Fort de France, Martinique, French West Indies"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000216139.44259.74"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17551-X"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050304"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000256822.01222.bd"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458507084595"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-007-0509-8"},{"key":"atypb7","first-page":"A-268","volume":"70","author":"Tortorella C","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2005.080390"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm027"},{"key":"atypb10","first-page":"A-267","volume":"70","author":"Akman-Demir G","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2007.17"},{"key":"atypb12","first-page":"527","volume":"60","author":"Misu T","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Nerve"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000284600.80782.d5"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14 McKeon A; \u2004Lennon VA; \u2004Lotze T; \u2004. CNS aquaporin-4 autoimmunity in children. 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