{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:11:38Z","timestamp":1777936298338,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3_suppl","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,1]],"date-time":"2009-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1254355200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) by definition do not have multiple sclerosis (MS) but are at risk of developing it. While studies show earlier immunomodulating drug use is effective, treatment must consider likely patient prognosis. In this paper we review current diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment literature for patients with CIS within Latin American clinical settings. Latin American MS experts, convened by ACINDES (The Civil Association for Research and Development in Health), reviewed current CIS (and early MS) literature and drew consensus conclusions. Three subgroups addressed separate questionnaires on CIS issues: prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment. MRI can contribute to predicting MS risk in patients with CIS; in Latin America, investigation of haplotype presence associated with CIS would be appropriate. McDonald's criteria and subsequent revisions enable earlier, more accurate MS diagnosis. Type A evidence exists supporting all leading immunomodulating MS drugs for effective treatment of CIS with a high risk of conversion to MS. In conclusion, patients with CIS are usually young, with often-limited symptomatic manifestations, and must be adequately prepared to receive preventive treatment. This consensus review should contribute to the dialogue between physicians and patients. Multiple Sclerosis 2009; 15: S1\u2013S12. http:\/\/msj.sagepub.com<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458509106419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,22]],"date-time":"2009-10-22T01:29:05Z","timestamp":1256174945000},"page":"1-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Early treatment of multiple sclerosis: A Latin American Experts Meeting"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"O","family":"Garcea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis. Hospital Ramos Mej\u00eda, University Center of Neurology, School of Medicine. Buenos Aires University. Urquiza 609 (1221), Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Villa1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis. Hospital Ramos Mej\u00eda, University Center of Neurology, School of Medicine. Buenos Aires University. Urquiza 609 (1221), Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F","family":"C\u00e1ceres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Institute Buenos Aires INEBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Adoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Demyelinating Disease Centre Sa\u00f5 Paulo University, School of Medicine, Sa\u00f5 Paulo, Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Alegr\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ABC Neurologic Center, Mexico DF, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R Barbosa","family":"Thomaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Atendimento \u00e9 Tratamento Esclerose M\u00faltipla CATEM, Santa Casa Sa\u00f5 Paulo, Sa\u00f5 Paulo, Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Buzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Society of Neurology of Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L Llamas","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Hospital ISSSTE (Institute of Health and Social Services of Public Employees), Jalisco, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M Rivera","family":"Kindel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Society of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery of Chile (SONEPSYN) Santiago de Chile, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200009283431307"},{"key":"bibr2-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(05)70071-5"},{"key":"bibr3-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410130302"},{"key":"bibr4-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.1032"},{"key":"bibr5-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20703"},{"key":"bibr6-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-008-1006-4"},{"key":"bibr7-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1986.00520050032017"},{"key":"bibr8-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410220607"},{"key":"bibr9-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/110.6.1579"},{"key":"bibr10-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-006-0145-8"},{"key":"bibr11-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000082654.99838.EF"},{"key":"bibr12-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg081"},{"key":"bibr13-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20363"},{"key":"bibr14-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000277704.56189.85"},{"key":"bibr15-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.5.689"},{"key":"bibr16-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000082654.99838.EF"},{"key":"bibr17-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/121.3.495"},{"key":"bibr18-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70176-X"},{"key":"bibr19-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000237354.10144.ec"},{"key":"bibr20-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.70.3.390"},{"key":"bibr21-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.9.1720"},{"key":"bibr22-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(01)00687-3"},{"key":"bibr23-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000198253.35119.83"},{"key":"bibr24-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000280576.73609.c6"},{"key":"bibr25-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa022328"},{"key":"bibr26-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000127615.15768.AE"},{"key":"bibr27-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-006-0299-4"},{"key":"bibr28-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2005.077784"},{"key":"bibr29-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.03.023"},{"key":"bibr30-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2006.00750.x"},{"key":"bibr31-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2005.00493.x"},{"key":"bibr32-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.33588\/rn.3002.99377","volume":"30","author":"Sanchez JL","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rev Neurol"},{"key":"bibr33-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2008.02523.x"},{"key":"bibr34-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458508096878"},{"key":"bibr35-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1965.tb20235.x"},{"key":"bibr36-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(79)90142-4"},{"key":"bibr37-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199801293380502"},{"key":"bibr38-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(91)90101-S"},{"key":"bibr39-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg038"},{"key":"bibr40-1352458509106419","first-page":"1034","volume":"21","author":"Iannucci G","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"bibr41-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.62.5.803"},{"key":"bibr42-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70573-7"},{"key":"bibr43-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1995.00540260072019"},{"key":"bibr44-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1352458505ms1139oa"},{"key":"bibr45-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.045872"},{"key":"bibr46-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/112.2.361"},{"key":"bibr47-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.55.10.869"},{"key":"bibr48-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/115.5.1403"},{"key":"bibr49-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/120.11.2039"},{"key":"bibr50-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.74.4.443"},{"key":"bibr51-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458506071196"},{"key":"bibr52-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.63.4.614"},{"key":"bibr53-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf235"},{"key":"bibr54-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(02)00069-2"},{"key":"bibr55-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199312093292403"},{"key":"bibr56-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.49.5.1404"},{"key":"bibr57-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.61.10.1515"},{"key":"bibr58-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200009283431301"},{"key":"bibr59-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10148"},{"key":"bibr60-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(03)80339-9"},{"key":"bibr61-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000200778.65597.ae"},{"key":"bibr62-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04725-5"},{"key":"bibr63-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000237641.33768.8d"},{"key":"bibr64-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1352458505ms1149oa"},{"key":"bibr65-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61194-5"},{"key":"bibr66-1352458509106419","first-page":"CD005278","volume":"2","author":"Clerico M","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"bibr67-1352458509106419","first-page":"70","volume":"2008","author":"Comi, G for the PreCISe Trial Group.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"bibr68-1352458509106419","first-page":"142","volume":"25","author":"Correale J","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rev Neurol Argent"},{"key":"bibr69-1352458509106419","first-page":"55","volume":"28","author":"Correale J","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rev Neurol Argent"},{"key":"bibr70-1352458509106419","first-page":"105","volume":"31","author":"C\u00e1ceres F","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev Neurol Argentina"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr71-1352458509106419","first-page":"892","volume":"63","author":"Departamento Cient\u00edfico de Neuroimunologia da Academia Brasileira de Neurologia.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquia.tr"},{"key":"bibr72-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2000000400030"},{"key":"bibr73-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2002000500035","volume":"60","author":"Callegaro D","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"key":"bibr74-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2002000500036","volume":"60","author":"Moreira MA","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"key":"bibr75-1352458509106419","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2002000500037","volume":"60","author":"Lana-Peixoto MA","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1352458509106419","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1352458509106419","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T03:26:18Z","timestamp":1777692378000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1352458509106419"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3_suppl","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1352458509106419"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1352458509106419","relation":{},"ISSN":["1352-4585","1477-0970"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1352-4585","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-0970","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]}}}