{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:11:43Z","timestamp":1777936303889,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,10]],"date-time":"2009-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1249862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Antibodies against aquaporin-4 (AQP4), a water channel particularly expressed on perivascular astrocytic podocytes, are proposed as a marker for the diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica (NMO). However, a consensus on seroprevalence and optimal detection method has not yet been reached.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Objectives: To investigate the performance of different assays to detect anti-AQP4 antibodies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods: We set up five different assays. Two of them were capable to detect perivascular IgG reactivity on brain tissue by immunofluorescence (NMO-IgG). Other three assays have been set to detect anti-AQP4 antibodies: immunofluorescence and flow cytometry on AQP4-expressing cells, and a radioimmunoprecipitation assay. We assessed sensitivity and specificity of these assays by interrogating sera of 33 NMO patients, 13 patients at high risk to develop NMO (hrNMO), 6 patients affected by acute partial transverse myelitis (APTM), 20 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), and 67 age- and sex-matched healthy controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: We found that the presence of serum NMO-IgG and anti-AQP4 reactivity is almost exclusively restricted to patients with NMO and hrNMO. Seroprevalence and sensitivity ranged from 30 to 47%, depending on the assay. Specificity ranged from 95 to 100%. Comparing results obtained in the five assays, we noticed lack of concordance in some samples.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions: Detection of NMO-IgG or anti-AQP4 antibodies may represent a valuable tool to assist neurologists in the differential diagnosis between patients with NMO, hrNMO, APTM, or MS. The current lack of a gold standard to detect anti-AQP4 antibodies implies the necessity to standardize the detection of these antibodies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458509106851","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,10]],"date-time":"2009-08-10T20:36:08Z","timestamp":1249936568000},"page":"1153-1163","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Antiacquaporin 4 antibodies detection by different techniques in neuromyelitis optica patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Fazio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"ML","family":"Malosio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology of Diabetes Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Lampasona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Molecular Genetics Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"De Feo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Privitera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Marnetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro di Riferimento Regionale Sclerosi Multipla (CReSM) and Neurobiologia Clinica, ASO S. Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Centonze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Universit\u00e0 Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Ghezzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ospedale di Gallarate, Centro Studi Sclerosi Multipla, Gallarate, Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Comi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Furlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Martino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.5.1107"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000216139.44259.74"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-004-0271-0"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-005-0010-6"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17551-X"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050304"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpneuro0501"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2005.080390"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040133"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70216-8"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000314832.24682.c6"},{"key":"atypb12","first-page":"99","volume":"15","author":"Waters P.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int MS J"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm027"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.210.307"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn240"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2008.116848"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/120.11.2059"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.1032"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/15.20.8125"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-007-0509-8"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458507076976"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa063602"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.44.6.636"},{"key":"atypb24","author":"Nicchia GP","year":"2009","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"atypb25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.52.5.1128"},{"key":"atypb26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-008-0967-2"},{"key":"atypb27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.03.009"}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1352458509106851","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1352458509106851","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T03:26:34Z","timestamp":1777692394000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1352458509106851"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,10]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1352458509106851"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1352458509106851","relation":{},"ISSN":["1352-4585","1477-0970"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1352-4585","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-0970","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,10]]}}}