{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:11:44Z","timestamp":1777936304855,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,10]],"date-time":"2009-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1249862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, neurological disease characterized by targeted destruction of central nervous system (CNS) myelin. The autoimmune theory is the most widely accepted explanation of disease pathology. Circulating Th\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    cells become activated by exposure to CNS-specific antigens such as myelin basic protein. The activated Th\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    cells secrete inflammatory cytokines, which are pivotal for inflammatory responses. We hypothesize that enhanced production of inflammatory cytokines triggers cellular events within the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and\/or spinal cord, facilitating the development of neuropathic pain (NPP) in MS. NPP, the second worst disease-induced symptom suffered by patients with MS, is normally regulated by DRG and\/or spinal cord.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Objective: To determine gene and protein expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF\u03b1) within DRG and\/or spinal cord in an animal model of MS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods: Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in adolescent female Lewis rats. Animals were sacrificed every 3 days post-disease induction. DRG and spinal cords were harvested for protein and gene expression analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: We show significant increases in TNF\u03b1 expression in the DRG and of EAE animals at peak disease stage, as assessed by clinical symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusion: Antigen-induced production of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF\u03b1 within the DRG identifies a potential novel mechanism for MS-induced NPP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458509106856","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,10]],"date-time":"2009-08-10T20:36:08Z","timestamp":1249936568000},"page":"1135-1145","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis-induced upregulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the dorsal root ganglia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Melanson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Apotex Centre, University of 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