{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:12:43Z","timestamp":1777936363396,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,29]],"date-time":"2010-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1280361600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Multiple sclerosis outcome may be influenced by ultraviolet radiation and vitamin D synthesis, suggesting skin type and genes determining this phenotype are candidates for disability. However, though associations between melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) single nucleotide polymorphisms and disability are reported, some data are incompatible with their expected influence on skin type.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Objective: Determine which MC1R single nucleotide polymorphisms affect disability and establish if ultraviolet radiation modifies such associations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods: We studied using linear regression in 525 cases, associations of the Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS) with skin type, gender, ultraviolet radiation exposure and six MC1R single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs1805005, rs1805006, rs2228479, rs1805007, rs1805008, rs1805009).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Results: CG\n                    <jats:sup>294<\/jats:sup>\n                    with GG\n                    <jats:sup>294<\/jats:sup>\n                    genotypes (rs1805009) (coefficient = \u20141.44, 95% CI \u20142.30, \u20140.59, mean MSSS \u00b1 SD = 4.33 \u00b1 2.87) and AC\n                    <jats:sup>84<\/jats:sup>\n                    (rs1805006) (coefficient = 1.62, 95% CI 0.17, 3.06, mean MSSS = 7.62 \u00b1 2.43) were associated with MSSS. Associations with Asp294His were found in those with skin types 1\/2 and 3\/4, and cases stratified by ultraviolet radiation exposure. However, they were seen only in cases with a history of childhood sunburn and not in those without sunburn. We found no significant associations between exposure parameters and MSSS.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions: Multiple Sclerosis outcome is influenced by interactions between host response to ultraviolet radiation and MC1R single nucleotide polymorphisms. The influence of the single nucleotide polymorphisms appears distinct from their association with skin type.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458510373784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,29]],"date-time":"2010-07-29T20:41:03Z","timestamp":1280436063000},"page":"1109-1116","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score: associations with MC1R single nucleotide polymorphisms and host response to ultraviolet radiation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Richard C","family":"Strange","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Keele Multiple Sclerosis Research Group, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Staffordshire, Stoke-on-Trent, UK, Human Genomics Research Group, Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University Medical School, Hartshill Campus, Stoke-on-Trent, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sudarshan","family":"Ramachandran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Good Hope Hospital, Sutton Coldfield, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maurice P","family":"Zeegers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, Department of Complex Genetics, Cluster of Genetics and Cell Biology, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute, Maastricht University, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard D","family":"Emes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Genomics Research Group, Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University Medical School, Hartshill Campus, Stoke-on-Trent, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roby","family":"Abraham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keele Multiple Sclerosis Research Group, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Staffordshire, Stoke-on-Trent, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vythilingam","family":"Raveendran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keele Multiple Sclerosis Research Group, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Staffordshire, Stoke-on-Trent, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mike","family":"Boggild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Liverpool, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janice","family":"Gilford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keele Multiple Sclerosis Research Group, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Staffordshire, Stoke-on-Trent, UK, Human Genomics Research Group, Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University Medical School, Hartshill Campus, Stoke-on-Trent, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clive P","family":"Hawkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keele Multiple Sclerosis Research Group, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Staffordshire, Stoke-on-Trent, UK, Human Genomics Research Group, Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University Medical School, Hartshill Campus, Stoke-on-Trent, 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