{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T20:20:11Z","timestamp":1790281211205,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,4]],"date-time":"2010-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1280880000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Although neuromyelitis optica has been traditionally regarded as a disease without brain involvement, brain abnormalities are not uncommon in patients with neuromyelitis optica-related disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods: We aimed to characterize the brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder patients who are seropositive for anti-aquaporin-4 autoantibody (AQP4 Ab). Of 236 consecutive patients with inflammatory demyelinating central nervous system diseases, we retrospectively analyzed MRI characteristics of 78 patients who were seropositive for AQP4 Ab.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: For an average observational period of 6.3 years, 62 patients (79%) had brain lesions on MRI. Twenty-four patients (31%) had brain MRI abnormalities at the onset of disease, and 35 (45%) had symptomatic brain involvement. Characteristic brain MRI abnormalities were classified into five categories: (1) lesions involving corticospinal tracts (e.g. posterior limb of internal capsule and cerebral peduncle (44%); (2) extensive hemispheric lesions likely due to vasogenic edema (29%); (3) periependymal lesions surrounding aqueduct and the third and fourth ventricles (22%); (4) periependymal lesions surrounding lateral ventricles (40%); and (5) medullary lesions, often contiguous with cervical lesions (31%). Fifty-four patients (69%) showed at least one kind of brain abnormality among the five characteristic MRI lesions. Ten patients showed gadolinium-enhancing lesions, which were characterized by multiple patchy enhancing patterns with blurred margins. Conclusions: In central nervous system AQP4 autoimmunity, brain MRI abnormalities were more common than is generally appreciated and were characterized by their unique localization and configuration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458510376640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,4]],"date-time":"2010-08-04T21:47:53Z","timestamp":1280958473000},"page":"1229-1236","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":181,"title":["Characteristic brain magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in central nervous system aquaporin-4 autoimmunity"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Woojun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Min Su Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Sang Hyun Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su-Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"In Ja Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiyuki","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuro","family":"Misu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuo","family":"Fujihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Ho Jin Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, 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