{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T00:11:33Z","timestamp":1792714293048,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,25]],"date-time":"2010-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1282694400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is assumed to be immunologically distinct from multiple sclerosis (MS). Adequate studies about cytokines and chemokines in NMO have been lacking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Objective: To investigate the contribution of cytokines\/chemokines in the pathogenesis of NMO.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods: We measured 27 cytokines\/chemokines and Th17 cell-associated cytokines in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 31 NMO, 29 MS and 18 other non-inflammatory neurological disorders patients. The serum levels of some cytokines\/ chemokines were also measured. The correlations between clinical characteristics\/laboratory findings and levels of cytokines\/chemokines in NMO were examined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: The CSF levels of interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist, IL-6, IL-8, IL-13 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor were significantly increased in NMO, while IL-9, fibroblast growth factor-basic, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, macrophage inflammatory protein-1-beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were increased in MS. IL-10 and interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10 were elevated in NMO and MS. In serum analyses, only the IL-6 level showed significant elevation in NMO. The CSF IL-6 level had a significant correlation with the CSF glial fibrillary acidic protein level and CSF cells, and a weak correlation with anti-aquaporin-4 antibody titers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions: Different immunological status and pathophysiologies exist between NMO and MS, and IL-6 may play important roles in the pathogenesis of NMO.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458510379247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,25]],"date-time":"2010-08-25T20:54:52Z","timestamp":1282769692000},"page":"1443-1452","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":298,"title":["Cytokine and chemokine profiles in neuromyelitis optica: significance of interleukin-6"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Akiyuki","family":"Uzawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimihito","family":"Arai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Chiba-East National Hospital, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasunori","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Center, Chiba University Hospital, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sei","family":"Hayakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeko","family":"Masuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junko","family":"Taniguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Kuwabara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 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