{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:13:20Z","timestamp":1777936400900,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,10]],"date-time":"2011-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1294617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Women with multiple sclerosis (MS) are advised to discontinue interferon-beta therapy before trying to conceive. Unplanned pregnancies occur and risks related to exposure remain unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods: To determine pregnancy outcomes following interferon-beta therapy, we examined pregnancies from a global drug safety database containing individual case safety reports received in the post-marketing setting and safety data from clinical trials of subcutaneous interferon beta-1a in MS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: One thousand and twenty-two cases of exposure to subcutaneous interferon beta-1a during pregnancy were retrieved; 679 had a documented outcome. In cases for which exposure duration was available ( n\u2009=\u2009231), mean time of foetal exposure to subcutaneous interferon beta-1a before treatment discontinuation was 28 days; most pregnancies (199\/231; 86.1%) were exposed for \u226445 days. To avoid bias, only outcomes for prospective data ( n\u2009=\u2009425) in pregnancies exposed to interferon beta-1a in utero were analysed further. Of these, 324 (76.2%) resulted in normal live births and four (0.9%) in live births with congenital anomalies (3 [0.7%] were \u2018major\u2019). Four (0.9%) pregnancies resulted in stillbirths (1 [0.2%] with foetal defects). There were 5 (1.2%) ectopic pregnancies, 49 (11.5%) spontaneous abortions and 39 (9.2%) elective terminations. Most pregnancies exposed to subcutaneous interferon beta-1a in utero were associated with normal live births. The rates of spontaneous abortion and major congenital anomalies in live births were in line with those observed in the general population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions: These data should be taken into account when considering options for women with MS who become pregnant or who are planning pregnancy while on treatment with subcutaneous interferon beta-1a.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458510394610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,10]],"date-time":"2011-01-10T21:36:49Z","timestamp":1294695409000},"page":"423-430","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":107,"title":["Pregnancy outcomes in multiple sclerosis following subcutaneous interferon beta-1a therapy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Magnhild","family":"Sandberg-Wollheim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enrica","family":"Alteri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Merck Serono S.A. \u2013 Geneva, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaretha Stam","family":"Moraga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Merck Serono S.A. \u2013 Geneva, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabrielle","family":"Kornmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Merck Serono S.A. \u2013 Geneva, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1352458510394610","first-page":"133","volume":"112","author":"Weinshenker BG","year":"1989","journal-title":"1. Clinical course and disability.italic Brain"},{"key":"bibr2-1352458510394610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410390304"},{"key":"bibr3-1352458510394610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)03334-0"},{"key":"bibr4-1352458510394610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.56.12.1628"},{"key":"bibr5-1352458510394610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.120502"},{"key":"bibr6-1352458510394610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000180575.77021.c4"},{"key":"bibr7-1352458510394610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458507077896"},{"key":"bibr8-1352458510394610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458509102366"},{"key":"bibr9-1352458510394610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2009000400015"},{"key":"bibr10-1352458510394610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2007.00978.x"},{"key":"bibr11-1352458510394610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-008-0909-4"},{"key":"bibr12-1352458510394610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000168905.97207.d0"},{"key":"bibr13-1352458510394610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458509106543"},{"key":"bibr14-1352458510394610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14737175.7.3.227"},{"key":"bibr15-1352458510394610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2003.10.020"},{"key":"bibr16-1352458510394610","unstructured":"Teva Pharmaceuticals.\n                      Copaxone prescribing information.\n                      http:\/\/www.copaxone.com\/pdf\/PrescribingInformation.pdf, consulted 19 October 2010."},{"key":"bibr17-1352458510394610","unstructured":"Biogen Idec.\n                      Tysabri Summary of Product Characteristics\n                      . http:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/docs\/en_GB\/document_library\/EPAR_-_Product_Information\/human\/000603\/WC500044686.pdf, consulted 19 Oct 2010."},{"key":"bibr18-1352458510394610","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency.\n                      Guideline on the Exposure to Medicinal Products During Pregnancy: Need for Post-authorisation Data (EMEA\/CHMP\/313666\/2005)\n                      . http:\/\/www.emea.eu.int\/pdfs\/human\/phvwp\/31366605en.pdf, consulted 16 Nov 2009."},{"key":"bibr19-1352458510394610","volume-title":"Medication Safety in Pregnancy and Breastfeeding","author":"Koren G","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr20-1352458510394610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/beog.2000.0123"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr21-1352458510394610","first-page":"A364","volume":"74","author":"Foulds P","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"bibr22-1352458510394610","unstructured":"Coyle PK, Johnson KP, Pardo L, Stark Y. Pregnancy outcomes in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with glatiramer acetate (Copaxone\u00ae).\n                      Neurology\n                      2003; 60(Suppl 1): A60."},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr23-1352458510394610","first-page":"A66","volume":"74","author":"Cristiano L","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"bibr24-1352458510394610","unstructured":"Bayer Inc.\n                      Betaseron\u00ae (interferon beta-1b) Prescribing Information.\n                      http:\/\/www.betaseron.com\/prescribing_info.jsp, consulted 19 October 2010."},{"key":"bibr25-1352458510394610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000264183"},{"key":"bibr26-1352458510394610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458507079658"}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1352458510394610","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1352458510394610","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1352458510394610","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T03:30:09Z","timestamp":1777692609000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1352458510394610"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,10]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1352458510394610"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1352458510394610","relation":{},"ISSN":["1352-4585","1477-0970"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1352-4585","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-0970","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,10]]}}}