{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:14:29Z","timestamp":1777936469018,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,31]],"date-time":"2011-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1320019200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Spring birth has been found to be associated with increase in the risk of MS. However, this effect is reportedly found particularly in HLA-DR15 positive patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Objective: Examine the month of birth (MOB) effect in Finnish MS patients and its association with HLA-DR15.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Methods: Using the national register on hospitalizations during 1979\u20132004 we identified 8359 MS patients. We used a \u03c7\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    -analysis to compare the distribution of MOB in MS patients versus age-adjusted controls. Patients were subdivided into 10-year birth cohorts to analyse temporal variations in MOB. A subgroup of HLA-typed MS patients ( n = 657) and a population sample of healthy donors from the Finnish Bone Marrow Donor Registry ( n = 19,805) were included to analyse connections between HLA-DR15 and MOB.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: An April birth was associated with a 9.4% increased risk of MS ( p = 0.008), whereas November birth was associated with an 11.1% decreased risk ( p = 0.004) compared with the expected birth distribution. No temporal clustering in the MOB effect was found during 1900\u20131988. Both HLA-DR15 positive (34% increase, p = 0.043) and DR15 negative (48% increase, p = 0.0095) MS patients exhibited an increase in spring births (in May). HLA-DR15 in healthy subjects was not associated with MOB.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions: We confirm that spring birth increases MS risk. This phenomenon was not associated with HLA-DR15 and there was no evidence of temporal clustering. The MOB effect suggests that early developmental processes may modulate MS risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458511426814","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,31]],"date-time":"2011-10-31T23:13:19Z","timestamp":1320102799000},"page":"563-568","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Month of birth is associated with multiple sclerosis but not with HLA-DR15 in Finland"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Kari-Pekka","family":"Saastamoinen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital and Program for Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum-Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marja-Kaisa","family":"Auvinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Red Cross, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pentti J","family":"Tienari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital and Program for Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum-Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1352458511426814","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1992.tb04007.x"},{"key":"bibr2-1352458511426814","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38301.686030.63"},{"key":"bibr3-1352458511426814","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000268163"},{"key":"bibr4-1352458511426814","first-page":"c1640","volume":"340","author":"Staples 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