{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T13:00:06Z","timestamp":1791896406035,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,19]],"date-time":"2011-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1324252800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neuromyelitis optica (NMO, Devic syndrome) and myasthenia gravis (MG) are rare antibody-mediated autoimmune disorders. Concurrent incidence has been reported in only few patients, mostly non-Caucasians.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To report on ten Caucasian patients with NMO spectrum disorders (NMOSD) and MG and to provide a comprehensive review of the literature.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 26 patients (m:f = 1:12; Caucasian in 12) with MG (generalized in 17) and NMOSD (NMO in 21, longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis in five) were identified from the authors\u2019 own files ( n = 10) and the previous literature ( n = 16). MG preceded NMOSD in 24\/25 cases (96%). AQP4-Ab were tested in 20 patients and were positive in 17 (85%). Twenty out of 25 patients (80%) had been treated with thymectomy or thymic irradiation, which preceded NMOSD in all cases (median latency, 12 years; range, 0.3\u201332). At last follow-up, complete remission of MG was reported in 15\/22 (68%), and MG was well controlled with pyridostigmine in three. Co-existing autoimmune disorders or autoimmune antibodies were reported in 17 patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study demonstrates that i) AQP4-Ab-positive NMOSD are more commonly associated with MG in Caucasians than previously thought; ii) MG precedes NMOSD in most cases, often by more than a decade; iii) NMOSD almost exclusively occur in females with juvenile or early-onset MG; and iv) MG frequently takes an unusually mild course in patients with NMOSD. A history of thymectomy could be a possible risk factor for the later development of NMOSD. We recommend testing for AQP4-Ab in MG patients presenting with atypical motor or optic symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458511431728","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,20]],"date-time":"2011-12-20T00:08:39Z","timestamp":1324339719000},"page":"1135-1143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":110,"title":["Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders in patients with myasthenia gravis: ten new aquaporin-4 antibody positive cases and a review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"S","family":"Jarius","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroCure Clinical Research Center and Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charit\u00e9 University Medicine Berlin, and Max Delbr\u00fcck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center \u2013 Charit\u00e9 University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Franciotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS, National Neurological Institute C. Mondino, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"de Seze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinique Neurologique, CHU de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"M\u00fcnch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Charit\u00e9 University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Salvetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Ruprecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Charit\u00e9 University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, 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