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Histological examination of brain and spinal cord samples from three other NMO patients revealed markedly increased expression of G-CSF in neurons located in and around the lesions, with little or no expression in multiple sclerosis lesions or normal white matter. Taken together, these cases support a detrimental role for G-CSF in NMO pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458512443994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,11]],"date-time":"2012-04-11T21:57:48Z","timestamp":1334181468000},"page":"1801-1803","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Detrimental role of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in neuromyelitis optica: clinical case and histological evidence"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Anu","family":"Jacob","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Liverpool, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samira","family":"Saadoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Neurosurgery Unit, St George\u2019s, University of London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Kitley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Palace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frederick","family":"Schon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, St George\u2019s Hospital, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marios C","family":"Papadopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Neurosurgery Unit, St George\u2019s, University of London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1352458512443994","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf151"},{"key":"bibr2-1352458512443994","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl371"},{"key":"bibr3-1352458512443994","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp309"},{"key":"bibr4-1352458512443994","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2011.03.038"},{"key":"bibr5-1352458512443994","volume-title":"5th joint triennial congress of the European and Americas Committees for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis","author":"Matsushita T","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr6-1352458512443994","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458512440060"},{"key":"bibr7-1352458512443994","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22686"},{"key":"bibr8-1352458512443994","author":"Zhang H","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"bibr9-1352458512443994","first-page":"2153","volume":"24","author":"Euler HH","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"bibr10-1352458512443994","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-006-0152-y"},{"key":"bibr11-1352458512443994","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.11.2147"}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1352458512443994","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1352458512443994","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1352458512443994","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T03:34:18Z","timestamp":1777692858000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1352458512443994"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,11]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1352458512443994"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1352458512443994","relation":{},"ISSN":["1352-4585","1477-0970"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1352-4585","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-0970","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,11]]}}}