{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T04:16:41Z","timestamp":1784607401406,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,4]],"date-time":"2012-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1349308800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study is to report the clinical profile and outcome of longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We prospectively studied adult patients who presented with LETM from January 2008 to December 2011. Information on demographic, clinical course, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and outcome was collected. HLA-DRB1 genotype was compared with those of 225 normal controls and patients with MS (228) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) (22).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 23 patients (16 female) with a median age of 44.5 years (range: 20\u201377 years) were included. Most (74%) had moderate\u2013severe disability at nadir (48% non-ambulatory), normal\/non-multiple sclerosis (MS) brain MRI (96%) and a median MRI cord lesion of 5 vertebral segments (range: 3\u201319). Laboratory analysis showed cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis (45%), NMO-IgG (9%), antinuclear antibodies (70%), and genotype HLA-DRB1*13 (57%). The frequency of DRB1*13 genotype was higher compared with controls ( p=0.002), MS ( p=0.001) and NMO ( p= 0.003) patients. After a median follow-up of 32 months, one patient converted to MS, two had relapsing LETM with NMO-IgG, and 20 remained as idiopathic with recurrences in four (20%). Twelve (52%) patients recovered with minimal disability (Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) &lt;2.5) and three (13%) remained wheelchair dependent. Disability at nadir was associated with the final outcome and extension of the spinal cord lesion with risk of recurrence. Recurrence was not associated with worse outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Inflammatory LETM is mostly idiopathic with a good outcome. It includes a relatively homogenous group of patients with an overrepresentation of the HLA-DRB1*13 genotype. EDSS at nadir is a predictor of the final outcome and extension of the myelitis of the recurrence risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458512461968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,4]],"date-time":"2012-10-04T23:52:29Z","timestamp":1349394749000},"page":"742-748","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Analysis of prognostic factors associated with longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Sep\u00falveda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuroimmunology, Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic and Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yolanda","family":"Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuroimmunology, Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic and Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Rovira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Magnetic Resonance Unit (IDI), Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d\u2019Esclerosi M\u00faltiple de Catalunya, CEM-Cat, Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Cl\u00ednica, Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar","family":"Mendibe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hospital de Cruces, Baracaldo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Llufriu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuroimmunology, Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic and Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I\u00f1igo","family":"Gabilondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuroimmunology, Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic and Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Villoslada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuroimmunology, Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic and Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joaquin","family":"Castill\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d\u2019Esclerosi M\u00faltiple de Catalunya, CEM-Cat, Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Cl\u00ednica, Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Corral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Magnetic Resonance Unit (IDI), Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Ayuso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"I\u00f1iguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Guijarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Neurology, Hospital Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lluis","family":"Rami\u00f3-Torrent\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, IDIBGI, Girona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angel P","family":"Sempere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Olascoaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario de Donostia, San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesc","family":"Graus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuroimmunology, Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic and Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 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