{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:15:59Z","timestamp":1777936559772,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,5]],"date-time":"2012-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1352073600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Some pediatric patients with inflammatory demyelinating central nervous system disorders cannot be classified under any of the established disease entities, making their treatment and prognosis difficult.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this study is to characterize a subgroup of pediatric patients with recurrent demyelinating central nervous system disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study includes a case series of pediatric patients with monophasic or recurrent acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) who later presented with either monophasic or recurrent optic neuritis (ON).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We describe seven patients with a median follow-up of six years (five females, two males) who presented at a median age of 6 years (range 4\u20138 years) with monophasic ( n = 4) or recurrent ADEM (two to four attacks) followed by monophasic ( n = 3) or recurrent ON (two to nine attacks). Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was typical for ADEM ( n = 6) with complete or almost complete resolution of lesions on follow-up. Cerebrospinal (CSF) studies at the time of ADEM showed a pleocytosis in six patients and were negative for oligoclonal bands (OCBs) in all. In all patients high titers for serum anti-MOG antibodies were detected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ADEM followed by ON is a rare but distinct clinical phenotype among pediatric patients. Further studies are needed to allow recommendations on treatment or prognosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458512466317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,5]],"date-time":"2012-11-05T23:45:09Z","timestamp":1352159109000},"page":"941-946","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":133,"title":["Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis followed by recurrent or monophasic optic neuritis in pediatric patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Peter","family":"Huppke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center, Georg August University G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Rostasy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics I, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Karenfort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Heinrich-Heine-University D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brenda","family":"Huppke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center, Georg August University G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Seidl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"Leiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum Dritter Orden M\u00fcnchen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Reindl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jutta","family":"G\u00e4rtner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center, Georg August University G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1352458512466317","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70045-X"},{"key":"bibr2-1352458512466317","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000259422.44235.a8"},{"key":"bibr3-1352458512466317","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2011.2956"},{"key":"bibr4-1352458512466317","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181fc2823"},{"key":"bibr5-1352458512466317","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-008-6022-x"},{"key":"bibr6-1352458512466317","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000216139.44259.74"},{"key":"bibr7-1352458512466317","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040133"},{"key":"bibr8-1352458512466317","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2010.11.013"},{"key":"bibr9-1352458512466317","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-8-184"},{"key":"bibr10-1352458512466317","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh218"},{"key":"bibr11-1352458512466317","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000316193.89691.e1"},{"key":"bibr12-1352458512466317","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21916"},{"key":"bibr13-1352458512466317","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318228c0b1"},{"key":"bibr14-1352458512466317","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1990.tb04173.x"},{"key":"bibr15-1352458512466317","first-page":"443","volume":"130","author":"Linington 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