{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:16:00Z","timestamp":1777936560933,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,19]],"date-time":"2012-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1353283200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Transverse myelitis (TM) is an inflammatory disease of the spinal cord. In pediatric TM patients, cognitive and psychological problems have been described only anecdotally.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Study aims include describing cognitive dysfunction among a cohort of pediatric TM patients as well as qualitatively exploring the impact of depression, medication, and fatigue on cognitive functioning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-four consecutive TM patients referred to a pediatric demyelinating diseases clinic completed neuropsychological screening. Means, standard deviations (SD), and percentages of patients performing at or below 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 SD from the mean on tests administered are presented.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Means were generally average across domains; however, scores ranged widely across subjects within each domain. The highest rate of deficits was observed in fine-motor speed\/dexterity. Slightly higher frequencies of impairment were observed in attention and memory as compared to processing speed and verbal fluency. Results did not suggest a clear association between cognitive problems and depression or medication use but did suggest that fatigue may impact cognitive functioning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study is the first to document cognitive deficits in pediatric TM and raises questions regarding our understanding of the central nervous system (CNS) injury associated with TM. Findings warrant further exploration of neuropsychological outcomes in TM to inform appropriate intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458512466606","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,19]],"date-time":"2012-11-19T21:09:57Z","timestamp":1353359397000},"page":"947-952","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Cognitive functioning in pediatric transverse myelitis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Lana L","family":"Harder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Medical Center Dallas, USA"},{"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, USA"},{"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alice Ann","family":"Holland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Medical Center Dallas, USA"},{"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elliot","family":"Frohman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Medical Center Dallas, USA"},{"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donna","family":"Graves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Medical Center Dallas, USA"},{"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin M","family":"Greenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Medical Center Dallas, USA"},{"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1352458512466606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b14120-65"},{"key":"bibr2-1352458512466606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000260609.11357.6f"},{"key":"bibr3-1352458512466606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073808325655"},{"key":"bibr4-1352458512466606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/87565641.2010.494921"},{"key":"bibr5-1352458512466606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000259420.54635.63"},{"key":"bibr6-1352458512466606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1001112"},{"key":"bibr7-1352458512466606","volume-title":"California verbal learning test, children\u2019s version","author":"Delis DC","year":"1994"},{"key":"bibr8-1352458512466606","volume-title":"California verbal learning test, second edition","author":"Delis DC","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr9-1352458512466606","volume-title":"Wechsler intelligence scale for children\u2014fourth edition","author":"Wechsler D.","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr10-1352458512466606","volume-title":"Wechsler adult intelligence scale\u2014third edition","author":"Wechsler D.","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr11-1352458512466606","volume-title":"Symbol digit modalities test","author":"Smith A.","year":"1982"},{"key":"bibr12-1352458512466606","volume-title":"The Beery-Buktenica developmental test of visual motor integration, fifth edition","author":"Beery KE","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr13-1352458512466606","volume-title":"Grooved pegboard test","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr14-1352458512466606","unstructured":"[United States] Army Individual Test Battery:\n                      Manual of directions and scoring\n                      . 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