{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:16:17Z","timestamp":1777936577301,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,14]],"date-time":"2013-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1360800000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Gene\u2013environment interactions may shed light on the mechanisms underlying multiple sclerosis (MS). We pooled data from two case-control studies on incident demyelination and used different methods to assess interaction between HLA-DRB1*15 (DRB1-15) and history of infectious mononucleosis (IM). Individuals exposed to both factors were at substantially increased risk of disease (OR=7.32, 95% CI=4.92\u201310.90). In logistic regression models, DRB1-15 and IM status were independent predictors of disease while their interaction term was not (DRB1-15*IM: OR=1.35, 95% CI=0.79\u20132.23). However, interaction on an additive scale was evident (Synergy index=2.09, 95% CI=1.59\u20132.59; excess risk due to interaction=3.30, 95%CI=0.47\u20136.12; attributable proportion due to interaction=45%, 95% CI=22\u201368%). This suggests, if the additive model is appropriate, the DRB1-15 and IM may be involved in the same causal process leading to MS and highlights the benefit of reporting gene\u2013environment interactions on both a multiplicative and additive scale.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458513477231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,14]],"date-time":"2013-02-14T23:03:54Z","timestamp":1360883034000},"page":"1355-1358","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Assessing interactions between HLA-DRB1*15 and infectious mononucleosis on the risk of multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Giulio","family":"Disanto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics and Medical Research Council Functional Genomics Unit, University of Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robyn","family":"Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne-Louise","family":"Ponsonby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio J","family":"Berlanga-Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics and Medical Research Council Functional Genomics Unit, University of Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gavin","family":"Giovannoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sreeram V","family":"Ramagopalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics and Medical Research Council Functional Genomics Unit, University of Oxford, UK"},{"name":"Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Ausimmune Investigator Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caron","family":"Chapman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Coulthard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keith","family":"Dear","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Terry","family":"Dwyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trevor","family":"Kilpatrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robyn","family":"Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tony","family":"McMichael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael P","family":"Pender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne-Louise","family":"Ponsonby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Valery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"van der Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1352458513477231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70094-6"},{"key":"bibr2-1352458513477231","unstructured":"Rothman KJ. 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