{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T09:51:06Z","timestamp":1790761866888,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,4]],"date-time":"2013-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1370304000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) criteria play an important role in making an earlier diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) in patients presenting with clinically isolated syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this paper is to determine whether MRI criteria may be used to distinguish MS from primary and secondary central nervous system (CNS) vasculitis, lupus, and Sjogren\u2019s syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MRI criteria were applied retrospectively to images for patients with clinically definite MS (CDMS), primary CNS vasculitis, secondary CNS vasculitis, and autoimmune disorders including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjogren\u2019s syndrome. Classical statistics and Bayesian analyses were performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall modified Barkhof\u2019s MRI criteria were statistically significant in distinguishing CDMS (60%) from SLE\/Sjogren\u2019s syndrome (17%, p = 0.0173) but not in distinguishing CDMS from primary CNS vasculitis (50%, p = 0.7376) or secondary CNS vasculitis (58%, p = 1.0000). Four of the five other MRI criteria tested were demonstrated to be superior to modified Barkhof\u2019s criteria in predicting MS: nine or more T2 lesions (a component of Barkhof\u2019s criteria), one or more ovoid periventricular T2 lesions, one or more perpendicular periventricular T2 lesions, and one or more T2 lesions larger than 6 mm.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MRI criteria, including the modified Barkhof\u2019s criteria, were unsuccessful in distinguishing MS from primary CNS vasculitis or secondary CNS vasculitis and mildly successful in distinguishing MS from SLE\/Sjogren\u2019s syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458513491329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,5]],"date-time":"2013-06-05T01:22:16Z","timestamp":1370395336000},"page":"57-63","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Limited utility of current MRI criteria for distinguishing multiple sclerosis from common mimickers: primary and secondary CNS vasculitis, lupus and Sjogren\u2019s syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Susan S","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Service, VANCHCS, Sacramento VA Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David P","family":"Richman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of California Davis Medical Center, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wesley O","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, University of California Irvine, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John K","family":"Hald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A","family":"Agius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Service, VANCHCS, Sacramento VA Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of California Davis Medical Center, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1352458513491329","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22366"},{"key":"bibr2-1352458513491329","volume-title":"Adams and Victor\u2019s principles of neurology","author":"Victor M","year":"2001","edition":"7"},{"key":"bibr3-1352458513491329","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10551"},{"key":"bibr4-1352458513491329","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.1032"},{"key":"bibr5-1352458513491329","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/120.11.2059"},{"key":"bibr6-1352458513491329","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410130302"},{"key":"bibr7-1352458513491329","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0404.2000.102005322.x"},{"key":"bibr8-1352458513491329","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/109.5.585"},{"key":"bibr9-1352458513491329","first-page":"662","volume":"22","author":"Duna GF","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"bibr10-1352458513491329","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.59.3.293"},{"key":"bibr11-1352458513491329","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0046-8177(92)90238-X"},{"key":"bibr12-1352458513491329","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(05)70348-0"},{"key":"bibr13-1352458513491329","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199707)40:7<1189::AID-ART2>3.0.CO;2-4"},{"key":"bibr14-1352458513491329","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-198801000-00002"},{"key":"bibr15-1352458513491329","first-page":"37","volume":"7","author":"Calabrese LH","year":"1995","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"bibr16-1352458513491329","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-857X(05)70231-3"},{"key":"bibr17-1352458513491329","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780400928"},{"key":"bibr18-1352458513491329","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780251101"},{"key":"bibr19-1352458513491329","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.61.6.554"},{"key":"bibr20-1352458513491329","volume-title":"Multiple sclerosis, a reappraisal","author":"McAlpine D","year":"1972","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr21-1352458513491329","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2005.00414.x"},{"key":"bibr22-1352458513491329","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70176-X"},{"key":"bibr23-1352458513491329","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20703"},{"key":"bibr24-1352458513491329","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000082654.99838.EF"}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1352458513491329","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1352458513491329","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1352458513491329","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T03:37:52Z","timestamp":1777693072000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1352458513491329"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,4]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1352458513491329"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1352458513491329","relation":{},"ISSN":["1352-4585","1477-0970"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1352-4585","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-0970","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,4]]}}}