{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:16:45Z","timestamp":1777936605116,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,22]],"date-time":"2013-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377129600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It is recognized that there is a particular geographic and ethnic distribution of neuromyelitis optica (NMO) among Caucasian and non-Caucasian populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To review the diagnoses of patients whom were enrolled in the South Atlantic Project, a Brazilian multiple sclerosis (MS) survey performed from 1995\u20131998, and to identify NMO and MS case frequencies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We reviewed the data from a 10-year follow-up of MS patients. To apply the current diagnostic criteria, the neurologists were asked to collect clinical and laboratory data from the medical records of study patients treated from 1999\u20132009.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The spectrum of inflammatory demyelinating disease in 322 patients (67% white; 33% African-Brazilian) was: 49 (15%) with NMO; 14 (4%) with NMO syndromes; 10 (3%) with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM); one isolated tumefactive brain lesion; 249 (77%) with MS (151 with relapsing\u2013remitting MS (RRMS), 70 with secondary progressive MS (SPMS) and 27 with primary progressive MS (PPMS)). Disability was more severe in NMO and PPMS. One-third of the NMO patients had died.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The frequency of NMO was 6.8% in S\u00e3o Paulo and 20.5% in Rio de Janeiro, and mainly seen in persons of African descent, which strengthens the hypothesis of there being an ethnic association of this disease. We recommend that epidemiological studies on MS that were performed previously be reviewed again, to ensure more accurate diagnoses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458513495580","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,22]],"date-time":"2013-08-22T22:25:57Z","timestamp":1377210357000},"page":"374-381","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["The impact of diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica in patients with MS: a 10-year follow-up of the South Atlantic Project"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Regina M","family":"Papais-Alvarenga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital da Lagoa, Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia CF","family":"Vasconcelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soniza V","family":"Alves-Leon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Brazil"},{"name":"Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Clementino Fraga Filho, UFRJ (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Batista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital da Lagoa, Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia MM","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Solange MGG","family":"Camargo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital da Lagoa, Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mauricio","family":"Godoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Pedro Ernesto, UERJ (Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria C","family":"Lacativa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Brazil"},{"name":"Hospital dos Servidores do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariangela","family":"Lorenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital dos Servidores do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benito","family":"Damasceno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Damasceno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Doralina","family":"Brum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculdade de Botucatu, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amilton A","family":"Barreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas de Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), 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