{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:17:11Z","timestamp":1777936631624,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,26]],"date-time":"2013-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1380153600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seasonal fluctuations in solar radiation and vitamin D levels could modulate the immune response against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and influence the subsequent risk of multiple sclerosis (MS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Altogether 1660 MS patients and 3050 controls from Norway and Italy participating in the multinational case-control study of Environmental Factors In Multiple Sclerosis (EnvIMS) reported season of past infectious mononucleosis (IM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IM was generally reported more frequently in Norway ( p=0.002), but was associated with MS to a similar degree in Norway (odds ratio (OR) 2.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.64\u20132.73) and Italy (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.17\u20132.52). For all participants, there was a higher reported frequency of IM during spring compared to fall ( p&lt;0.0005). Stratified by season of IM, the ORs for MS were 1.58 in spring (95% CI 1.08\u20132.31), 2.26 in summer (95% CI 1.46\u20133.51), 2.86 in fall (95% CI 1.69\u20134.85) and 2.30 in winter (95% CI 1.45\u20133.66).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IM is associated with MS independently of season, and the association is not stronger for IM during spring, when vitamin D levels reach nadir. The distribution of IM may point towards a correlation with solar radiation or other factors with a similar latitudinal and seasonal variation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458513505693","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,27]],"date-time":"2013-09-27T00:09:06Z","timestamp":1380240546000},"page":"669-674","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Season of infectious mononucleosis and risk of multiple sclerosis at different latitudes; the EnvIMS Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Andreas","family":"Lossius","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 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of Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jelena","family":"Drulovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Granieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Clinical Neurology, University of Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margitta T","family":"Kampman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurology, University of Troms\u00f8, Norway"},{"name":"Centre for Clinical Research and Education, University Hospital of North Norway, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne-Marie","family":"Landtblom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Link\u00f6ping University, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Lauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Griesheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Magalhaes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kjell-Morten","family":"Myhr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway"},{"name":"The KG Jebsen Centre for MS-Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatjana","family":"Pekmezovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University 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