{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T23:15:52Z","timestamp":1789773352201,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,31]],"date-time":"2013-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1383177600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Optic neuritis (ON) may be the first symptom of a central nervous system demyelinating, systemic or infectious disease but few patients experience recurrent episodes and have a negative workup.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This disorder, named relapsing optic neuritis (RON), is poorly described in the literature and still presents a particular challenge in diagnosis and management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We describe the clinical, laboratory, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and disability course of RON in a French cohort of 62 patients, based on a multicentre, retrospective, observational study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In our cohort, we identified two distinct groups of RON patients. The first is characterised by relapsing inflammatory optic neuritis (RION, 68%), which is non-progressive, whereas the second presented as a chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuritis (CRION, 32%), which is progressive. We have noted more cases with steroid dependence in the CRION group than the RION group (42% vs 10%). The long-term visual prognosis was more severe in CRION patients and neuromyelitis optica-immunoglobulin G (NMO-IgG)-positive patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RON is likely a separate entity corresponding to an autoimmune disease that differs from multiple sclerosis (MS), NMO and vasculitis. We provide a new classification system based on a better understanding of RON which could allow an improved management by early treatment of poor prognosis forms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458513510223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]],"date-time":"2013-11-01T04:04:11Z","timestamp":1383278651000},"page":"848-853","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Relapsing optic neuritis: a multicentre study of 62 patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Aur\u00e9lien","family":"Benoilid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital, France"},{"name":"Clinical Investigation Centre, INSERM 10002, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Tilikete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurological Hospital Pierre Wertheimer, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Collongues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital, France"},{"name":"Clinical Investigation Centre, INSERM 10002, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl","family":"Arndt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Vighetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurological Hospital Pierre Wertheimer, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Vignal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Lariboisi\u00e8re, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"de Seze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital, France"},{"name":"Clinical Investigation Centre, INSERM 10002, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1352458513510223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199202273260901"},{"key":"bibr2-1352458513510223","first-page":"727","volume":"65","author":"Optic Neuritis Study Group","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch 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