{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:17:47Z","timestamp":1777936667911,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,10]],"date-time":"2014-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1389312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is a well-documented increase in the risk of multiple sclerosis (MS) when migrating from a region of low prevalence to one of high prevalence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We present here an investigation of MS prevalence and candidate environmental and genetic risk factors among Iranian immigrants to British Columbia (BC), Canada.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MS cases of Iranian ancestry were ascertained from a population-based Canadian study. We collected blood samples for genetic and serological analyses, and administered a personal history questionnaire to the cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The crude prevalence of MS in this population of Iranian ancestry was 287\/100,000 (95% CI: 229 \u2013 356\/100,000). MS cases were more likely to have a history of infectious mononucleosis (odds ratio (OR) = 7.5; p = 0.005) and smoking (OR = 17.0; p &lt; 0.0001), as compared to healthy controls from previous studies in Iran. Cases were also more likely than controls to have been born between April and September (OR = 2.1; p = 0.019).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of MS among Iranian immigrants to Canada is greater than the overall prevalence of MS in Iran by a factor of at least four, and is similar to that recently observed among Iranian immigrants in other western nations. No major genetic susceptibility variants were identified, suggesting the environment in Canada may be what is increasing the risk of MS in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458513519179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,10]],"date-time":"2014-01-10T21:01:50Z","timestamp":1389387710000},"page":"1182-1188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Multiple sclerosis in the Iranian immigrant population of BC, Canada: prevalence and risk factors"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Colleen","family":"Guimond","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia (BC), Vancouver, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua D","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia (BC), Vancouver, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sreeram V","family":"Ramagopalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, UK"},{"name":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David A","family":"Dyment","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, University of Ottawa, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Hanwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Canada"},{"name":"Neurosciences and Mental Health Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gavin","family":"Giovannoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Criscuoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia (BC), Vancouver, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irene M","family":"Yee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia (BC), Vancouver, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Galina","family":"Vorobeychik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Fraser Health Multiple Sclerosis Clinic, Burnaby, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George C","family":"Ebers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, UK"},{"name":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A Dessa","family":"Sadovnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia (BC), Vancouver, Canada"},{"name":"Division of Neurology, University of BC, Vancouver, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1352458513519179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200009283431307"},{"key":"bibr2-1352458513519179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70094-6"},{"key":"bibr3-1352458513519179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70064-8"},{"key":"bibr4-1352458513519179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458510376777"},{"key":"bibr5-1352458513519179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458511433062"},{"key":"bibr6-1352458513519179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-009-5417-7"},{"key":"bibr7-1352458513519179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7742(07)79016-5"},{"key":"bibr8-1352458513519179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458511401460"},{"key":"bibr9-1352458513519179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100034041"},{"key":"bibr10-1352458513519179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.0030150"},{"key":"bibr11-1352458513519179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-008-9244-x"},{"key":"bibr12-1352458513519179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2009.07.013"},{"key":"bibr13-1352458513519179","unstructured":"Statistics Canada ethnic origin (101), age groups (8), sex (3) and selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics (309), for the total population of Canada, provinces, territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data. Report, Statistics Canada, catalogue no. 97\u2013564-XCB2006007, 2008."},{"key":"bibr14-1352458513519179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38301.686030.63"},{"key":"bibr15-1352458513519179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458510397685"},{"key":"bibr16-1352458513519179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-007-0659-8"},{"key":"bibr17-1352458513519179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1352458505ms1192oa"},{"key":"bibr18-1352458513519179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000321649"},{"key":"bibr19-1352458513519179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458509358092"},{"key":"bibr20-1352458513519179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1980.tb03006.x"},{"key":"bibr21-1352458513519179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70581-6"},{"key":"bibr22-1352458513519179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-008-9302-1"},{"key":"bibr23-1352458513519179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2010.05.010"},{"key":"bibr24-1352458513519179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2011.02.012"},{"key":"bibr25-1352458513519179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-313X.2012.01104.x"},{"key":"bibr26-1352458513519179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-008-9403-4"}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1352458513519179","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1352458513519179","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1352458513519179","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T03:39:47Z","timestamp":1777693187000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1352458513519179"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,10]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1352458513519179"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1352458513519179","relation":{},"ISSN":["1352-4585","1477-0970"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1352-4585","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-0970","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,10]]}}}