{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T05:32:08Z","timestamp":1791178328788,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,29]],"date-time":"2014-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1390953600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is widely expressed in the human brain cortex, lesions are rare in neuromyelitis optica (NMO) spectrum disorders (NMOSD). Recently, however, several studies have demonstrated occult structural brain atrophy in NMO.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to investigate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) patterns of gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) abnormalities in patients with NMOSD and to assess the visual pathway integrity during disease duration correlation of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and pericalcarine cortex thickness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-one patients with NMOSD and 34 matched healthy controls underwent both high-field MRI (3T) high-resolution T1-weighted and diffusion-tensor MRI. Voxel-based morphometry, cortical analyses (Freesurfer) and diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) analyses (TBSS-FSL) were used to investigate brain abnormalities. In addition, RNFL measurement by optic-coherence tomography (OCT) was performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We demonstrate that NMOSD is associated with GM and WM atrophy, encompassing more frequently the motor, sensory and visual pathways, and that the extent of GM atrophy correlates with disease duration. Furthermore, we demonstrate for the first time a correlation between RNFL and pericalcarine cortical thickness, with cortical atrophy evolving over the course of disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings indicate a role for retrograde and anterograde neurodegeneration in GM atrophy in NMOSD. However, the presence atrophy encompassing almost all lobes suggests that additional pathomechanisms might also be involved.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458513519838","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,29]],"date-time":"2014-01-29T21:53:34Z","timestamp":1391032414000},"page":"1189-1197","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Structural brain abnormalities are related to retinal nerve fiber layer thinning and disease duration in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Felipe","family":"von Glehn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, University of Campinas, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Campinas, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Jarius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo Pessoa","family":"Cavalcanti Lira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Campinas, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Carolina","family":"Alves Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Campinas, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fadua H Ribeiro","family":"von Glehn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Campinas, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stella Maris","family":"Costa e Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Campinas, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guilherme Coco","family":"Beltramini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Campinas, Brazil"},{"name":"Institute of Physics \u201cGleb Wataghin\u201d, University of Campinas, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felipe PG","family":"Bergo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Campinas, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro S","family":"Farias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, University of Campinas, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos Ot\u00e1vio","family":"Brand\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, University of Campinas, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Campinas, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brigitte","family":"Wildemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benito P","family":"Damasceno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Campinas, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Cendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuroimaging, 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