{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T11:10:53Z","timestamp":1791198653242,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,17]],"date-time":"2014-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395014400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neurodegeneration plays an important role in permanent disability in multiple sclerosis (MS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this paper is to determine whether progressive neurodegeneration occurs in MS eyes without clinically evident inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retinal nerve fiver layer thickness (RNFLT) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness (GCIPT) were measured using Cirrus optical coherence tomography (OCT) in 133 relapsing\u2013remitting MS (RRMS) patients (149 non-optic neuritis (ON), 97 ON eyes, last ON \u22656 months). Ninety-three patients were scanned at two visits. Percentages of abnormal GCIPT vs RNFLT (&lt;5% of machine norms) in cross-sectional data were compared. Relations between RNFLT\/GCIPT and MS duration (cross-sectional) and follow-up time (longitudinal) were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GCIPT was abnormal in more eyes than RNFLT (27% vs 16% p = 0.004 in non-ON, 82% vs 72% p = 0.007 in ON). RNFLT and GCIPT decreased with MS duration by \u22120.49 \u00b5m\/yr ( p = 0.0001) and \u22120.36 ( p = 0.005) for non-ON; \u22120.52 ( p = 0.003) and \u22120.41 ( p = 0.007) for ON. RNFLT and GCIPT decreased with follow-up time by \u22121.49 \u00b5m\/yr ( p &lt; 0.0001) and \u22120.53 ( p = 0.004) for non-ON, \u22121.27 ( p = 0.002) and \u22120.49 ( p = 0.04) for ON.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In RRMS eyes without clinically evident inflammation, progressive loss of RNFLT and GCIPT occurred, supporting the need for neuroprotection in addition to suppression of autoimmune responses and inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458514523498","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,17]],"date-time":"2014-03-17T23:30:19Z","timestamp":1395099019000},"page":"1331-1341","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Tracking changes over time in retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness in multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Divya","family":"Narayanan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Optometry, Houston, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Optometry, Houston, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karlie N","family":"Bonem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Optometry, Houston, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Saenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Optometry, Houston, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa A","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MS Eye CARE Clinic, University of Houston, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura J","family":"Frishman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Optometry, Houston, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1352458514523498","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/112.6.1419"},{"key":"bibr2-1352458514523498","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200009283431307"},{"key":"bibr3-1352458514523498","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2010.09.005"},{"key":"bibr4-1352458514523498","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1756285612450936"},{"key":"bibr5-1352458514523498","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1352458505ms1203oa"},{"key":"bibr6-1352458514523498","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458509358088"},{"key":"bibr7-1352458514523498","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1991.01080120057025"},{"key":"bibr8-1352458514523498","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20703"},{"key":"bibr9-1352458514523498","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-7896"},{"key":"bibr10-1352458514523498","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-5222"},{"key":"bibr11-1352458514523498","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-7962"},{"key":"bibr12-1352458514523498","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.116.1.53"},{"key":"bibr13-1352458514523498","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopthalmol.2011.1576"},{"key":"bibr14-1352458514523498","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12634"},{"key":"bibr15-1352458514523498","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.10.010"},{"key":"bibr16-1352458514523498","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31827b1a1c"},{"key":"bibr17-1352458514523498","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2010.199232"},{"key":"bibr18-1352458514523498","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61620-7"},{"key":"bibr19-1352458514523498","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3275"},{"key":"bibr20-1352458514523498","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458509350470"},{"key":"bibr21-1352458514523498","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002340050681"},{"key":"bibr22-1352458514523498","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr324"},{"key":"bibr23-1352458514523498","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903000103"},{"key":"bibr24-1352458514523498","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr264"},{"key":"bibr25-1352458514523498","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq080"},{"key":"bibr26-1352458514523498","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458511418630"},{"key":"bibr27-1352458514523498","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5705-11.2012"},{"key":"bibr28-1352458514523498","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2012.08.003"}],"container-title":["Multiple 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