{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T19:29:59Z","timestamp":1791487799323,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,12]],"date-time":"2015-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1421020800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is a role for brief assessment instruments in detection and management of major depression in MS. However, candidate scales have rarely been validated against a validated diagnostic interview. In this study, we evaluated the performance of several candidate scales: Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9, PHQ-2, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression rating scale (CES-D), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D) in relation to the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The sample was an unselected series of 152 patients attending a multiple sclerosis (MS) clinic. Participants completed the scales during a clinic visit or returned them by mail. The SCID was administered by telephone within two weeks. The diagnosis of major depressive episode, according to the SCID, was used as a reference standard. Receiver-operator curves (ROC) were fitted and indices of measurement accuracy were calculated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All of the scales performed well, each having an area under the ROC &gt; 90%. For example, the PHQ-9 had 95% sensitivity and 88.3% specificity when scored with a cut-point of 11. This cut-point achieved a 56% positive predictive value for major depression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While all of the scales performed well in terms of their sensitivity and specificity, the availability of the PHQ-9 in the public domain and its brevity may enhance the feasibility of its use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458514559297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,12]],"date-time":"2015-01-12T20:53:09Z","timestamp":1421095989000},"page":"1064-1071","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Validity of four screening scales for major depression in MS"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Scott B","family":"Patten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada\/Mathison Centre for Research & Education in Mental Health, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jodie M","family":"Burton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada\/Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsten M","family":"Fiest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Wiebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada\/Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew GM","family":"Bulloch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mathison Centre for Research & Education in Mental Health, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada\/Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada\/Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith S","family":"Dobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luanne M","family":"Metz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada\/Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colleen J","family":"Maxwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Jett\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada\/Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1352458514559297","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1352458505ms1162oa"},{"key":"bibr2-1352458514559297","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458506070926"},{"key":"bibr3-1352458514559297","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458509347150"},{"key":"bibr4-1352458514559297","unstructured":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders\n                      (DSM-IV-TR). 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