{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T07:54:19Z","timestamp":1793260459590,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,19]],"date-time":"2015-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1424304000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers have been suggested to predict multiple sclerosis (MS) after clinically isolated syndromes, but studies investigating long-term prognosis are needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the predictive ability of CSF biomarkers with regard to MS development and long-term disability after optic neuritis (ON).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighty-six patients with ON as a first demyelinating event were included retrospectively. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), CSF leukocytes, immunoglobulin G index and oligoclonal bands were registered. CSF levels of chitinase-3-like-1, osteopontin, neurofilament light-chain, myelin basic protein, CCL2, CXCL10, CXCL13 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Patients were followed up after 13.6 (range 9.6\u201319.4) years and 81.4% were examined, including Expanded Disability Status Scale and MS functional composite evaluation. 18.6% were interviewed by phone. Cox regression, multiple regression and Spearman correlation analyses were used.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty-six (53.5%) developed clinically definite MS (CDMS) during follow-up. In a multivariate model MRI ( p=0.0001), chitinase 3-like 1 ( p=0.0033) and age ( p=0.0194) combined predicted CDMS best. Neurofilament light-chain predicted long-term disability by the multiple sclerosis severity scale ( p=0.0111) and nine-hole-peg-test ( p=0.0202). Chitinase-3-like-1 predicted long-term cognitive impairment by the paced auditory serial addition test ( p=0.0150).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neurofilament light-chain and chitinase-3-like-1 were significant predictors of long-term physical and cognitive disability. Furthermore, chitinase-3-like-1 predicted CDMS development. Thus, these molecules hold promise as clinically valuable biomarkers after ON as a first demyelinating event.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458515574148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,20]],"date-time":"2015-02-20T19:55:17Z","timestamp":1424462117000},"page":"1761-1770","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["Cerebrospinal fluid levels of chitinase 3-like 1 and neurofilament light chain predict multiple sclerosis development and disability after optic neuritis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"S","family":"Modvig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The MS Clinic, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Degn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The MS Clinic, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Roed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Holbaek municipal eye clinic, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"TL","family":"S\u00f8rensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Eye Research Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital Roskilde and The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"HBW","family":"Larsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Diagnostics, Copenhagen University Hospital Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AR","family":"Langkilde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JL","family":"Frederiksen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The MS Clinic, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Sellebjerg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish MS Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1352458515574148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.04.025"},{"key":"bibr2-1352458515574148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03307-12"},{"key":"bibr3-1352458515574148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh655"},{"key":"bibr4-1352458515574148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(99)00166-6"},{"key":"bibr5-1352458515574148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1415"},{"key":"bibr6-1352458515574148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1202026"},{"key":"bibr7-1352458515574148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1716"},{"key":"bibr8-1352458515574148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/135245859800400603"},{"key":"bibr9-1352458515574148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000098880.19793.B6"},{"key":"bibr10-1352458515574148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0077163"},{"key":"bibr11-1352458515574148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2011.00550.x"},{"key":"bibr12-1352458515574148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25466"},{"key":"bibr13-1352458515574148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20081271"},{"key":"bibr14-1352458515574148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq035"},{"key":"bibr15-1352458515574148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181a0fe3f"},{"key":"bibr16-1352458515574148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181c47cc2"},{"key":"bibr17-1352458515574148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/122.5.871"},{"key":"bibr18-1352458515574148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1352458503ms884oa"},{"key":"bibr19-1352458515574148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.1032"},{"key":"bibr20-1352458515574148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/81.1.61"},{"key":"bibr21-1352458515574148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(1950)3:1<32::AID-CNCR2820030106>3.0.CO;2-3"},{"key":"bibr22-1352458515574148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000156155.19270.F8"},{"key":"bibr23-1352458515574148","first-page":"727","volume":"65","author":"The 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