{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:19:44Z","timestamp":1777936784333,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,31]],"date-time":"2015-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427760000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serious adverse drug reactions of disease-modifying drugs in multiple sclerosis (MS) therapy may include enhanced susceptibility to reactivation of neurotropic herpes viruses like varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and the John Cunningham (JC) polyomavirus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Because symptomatic reactivation of these viruses are rare events, we determined the incidence of rises in anti-VZV IgG antibody levels as a potential marker for enhanced susceptibility to subclinical and symptomatic reactivation of neurotropic viruses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anti-VZV IgG levels were measured in paired serum samples taken 6\u20138 months apart from natalizumab-treated MS patients, healthy blood donors and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The incidence of significant rises in anti-VZV IgG levels in natalizumab-treated MS patients was 4.26 per 100 person-years, which was significantly higher than in healthy blood donors. Retrospective evaluation of the available medical records of patients with rises of anti-VZV IgG levels did not reveal herpes zoster (i.e. shingles) manifestations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The increased incidence of significant rises of anti-VZV IgG levels in natalizumab-treated MS patients might indicate an association of natalizumab treatment of MS with an elevated risk of a subclinical VZV reactivation and\/or reinfection events. Whether this is predictive of an increased risk of herpes zoster or even symptomatic reactivation of other neurotropic viruses remains to be determined in larger prospective studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458515576984","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]],"date-time":"2015-04-01T11:20:41Z","timestamp":1427887241000},"page":"1823-1832","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Serological evidence of increased susceptibility to varicella-zoster virus reactivation or reinfection in natalizumab-treated patients with multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Rebekka","family":"Kohlmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anke","family":"Salmen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Sankt Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Sankt Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cornelius","family":"Knabbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Heart and Diabetes Centre North Rhine-Westphalia, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Diekmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Heart and Diabetes Centre North Rhine-Westphalia, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"Brockmeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Competence Network for HIV\/AIDS; Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology; Sankt Josef-Hospital; Ruhr-University Bochum; Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriane","family":"Skaletz-Rorowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Competence Network for HIV\/AIDS; Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology; Sankt Josef-Hospital; Ruhr-University Bochum; Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Michalik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trials Center (ZKS), Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Gold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Sankt Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"\u00dcberla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany\/Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Erlangen, Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1352458515576984","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2005.00240.x"},{"key":"bibr2-1352458515576984","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2013.11.002"},{"key":"bibr3-1352458515576984","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000158329.30470.D0"},{"key":"bibr4-1352458515576984","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12261"},{"key":"bibr5-1352458515576984","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1107829"},{"key":"bibr6-1352458515576984","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.710"},{"key":"bibr7-1352458515576984","unstructured":"Biogen Idec. 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