{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T01:44:34Z","timestamp":1790387074034,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,28]],"date-time":"2015-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1430179200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Common symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS) such as gait ataxia, poor coordination of the hands, and intention tremor are usually the result of dysfunctionality in the cerebellum. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has frequently failed to detect cerebellar damage in the form of inflammatory lesions in patients presenting with symptoms of cerebellar dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To detect microstructural cerebellar tissue alterations in early MS patients with a \u201cnormal appearing\u201d cerebellum using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 68 patients with relapsing\u2013remitting MS (RRMS) and without cerebellar lesions and 26 age-matched healthy controls were admitted to high-resolution MRI and DTI to assess microstructure and volume of the cerebellar white matter (CBWM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found cerebellar fractional anisotropy (FA) and CBWM volume reductions in the group of 68 patients. Interestingly, a subgroup of these patients that was derived by including only patients with early and mild MS ( N=23, median age 30 years, median Expanded Disability Status Scale =1.5, median duration 28 months) showed already cerebellar FA but no CBWM volume reductions. FA reductions were correlated with disability, atrophy, and disease duration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\u201cNormal appearing\u201d cerebellar white matter can be damaged in a very early stage of RRMS. DTI seems to be a sensitive tool for detecting this hidden cerebellar damage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458515579439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,28]],"date-time":"2015-04-28T21:34:43Z","timestamp":1430256883000},"page":"73-84","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Evidence for early, non-lesional cerebellar damage in patients with multiple sclerosis: DTI measures correlate with disability, atrophy, and disease duration"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Deppe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Westf\u00e4lische Wilhelms University, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Geb\u00e4ude A1, M\u00fcnster, 48149, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karsten","family":"Tabelow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weierstrass Institute, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Kr\u00e4mer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Westf\u00e4lische Wilhelms University, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Geb\u00e4ude A1, M\u00fcnster, 48149, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan-Gerd","family":"Tenberge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Westf\u00e4lische Wilhelms University, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Geb\u00e4ude A1, M\u00fcnster, 48149, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Schiffler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Westf\u00e4lische Wilhelms University, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Geb\u00e4ude A1, M\u00fcnster, 48149, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Bittner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Westf\u00e4lische Wilhelms University, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Geb\u00e4ude A1, M\u00fcnster, 48149, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfram","family":"Schwindt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Radiology, Westf\u00e4lische Wilhelms University, M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frauke","family":"Zipp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Rhine Main Neuroscience Network, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Centre Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heinz","family":"Wiendl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Westf\u00e4lische Wilhelms University, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Geb\u00e4ude A1, M\u00fcnster, 48149, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven G.","family":"Meuth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Westf\u00e4lische Wilhelms University, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Geb\u00e4ude A1, M\u00fcnster, 48149, 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