{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:20:20Z","timestamp":1777936820847,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,10]],"date-time":"2015-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441843200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We report two cases of neuromyelitis optica patients with progressive cerebral atrophy. The patients exhibited characteristic clinical features, including elderly onset, secondary progressive tetraparesis and cognitive impairment, abnormally elevated CSF protein and myelin basic protein levels, and extremely highly elevated serum anti-AQP-4 antibody titer. Because neuromyelitis optica pathology cannot switch from an inflammatory phase to the degenerative phase until the terminal phase, neuromyelitis optica rarely appears as a secondary progressive clinical course caused by axonal degeneration. However, severe intrathecal inflammation and massive destruction of neuroglia could cause a secondary progressive clinical course associated with cerebral atrophy in neuromyelitis optica patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458515600246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,10]],"date-time":"2015-09-10T21:49:10Z","timestamp":1441921750000},"page":"1872-1875","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Progressive cerebral atrophy in neuromyelitis optica"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Yoko","family":"Warabi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshiyuki","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan Department of Neurology, National Yonezawa Hospital, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eiji","family":"Isozaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1352458515600246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70216-8"},{"key":"bibr2-1352458515600246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1759-1961.2012.00030.x"},{"key":"bibr3-1352458515600246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001729"},{"key":"bibr4-1352458515600246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000254502.87233.9a"},{"key":"bibr5-1352458515600246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm062"},{"key":"bibr6-1352458515600246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458510377907"},{"key":"bibr7-1352458515600246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.57.3.355"},{"key":"bibr8-1352458515600246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181c1deb9"},{"key":"bibr9-1352458515600246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318200d80c"},{"key":"bibr10-1352458515600246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23721"},{"key":"bibr11-1352458515600246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033878"},{"key":"bibr12-1352458515600246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000034"},{"key":"bibr13-1352458515600246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000668"},{"key":"bibr14-1352458515600246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.1316"}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1352458515600246","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1352458515600246","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1352458515600246","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T03:45:03Z","timestamp":1777693503000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1352458515600246"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,10]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1352458515600246"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1352458515600246","relation":{},"ISSN":["1352-4585","1477-0970"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1352-4585","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-0970","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,10]]}}}