{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:20:39Z","timestamp":1777936839892,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,20]],"date-time":"2016-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1468972800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In natalizumab-treated multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered as a sensitive tool in detecting both MS disease activity and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the performance of neuroradiologists using brain MRI in detecting new MS lesions and asymptomatic PML lesions and in differentiating between MS and PML lesions in natalizumab-treated MS patients. The secondary aim was to investigate interrater variability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this retrospective diagnostic study, four blinded neuroradiologists assessed reference and follow-up brain MRI scans of 48 natalizumab-treated MS patients with new asymptomatic PML lesions ( n\u2009=\u200921) or new MS lesions ( n\u2009=\u200920) or no new lesions ( n\u2009=\u20097). Sensitivity and specificity for detection of new lesions in general (MS and PML lesions), MS and PML lesion differentiation, and PML detection were determined. Interrater agreement was calculated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall sensitivity and specificity for the detection of new lesions, regardless of the nature of the lesions, were 77.4% and 89.3%, respectively; for PML-MS lesion differentiation, 74.2% and 84.7%, respectively; and for asymptomatic PML lesion detection, 59.5% and 91.7%, respectively. Interrater agreement for the tested categories was fair to moderate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The diagnostic performance of trained neuroradiologists using brain MRI in pharmacovigilance of natalizumab-treated MS patients is moderately good. Interrater agreement among trained readers is fair to moderate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458515615225","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,12]],"date-time":"2015-11-12T21:19:00Z","timestamp":1447363140000},"page":"1174-1183","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Diagnostic performance of brain MRI in pharmacovigilance of natalizumab-treated MS patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Mike P","family":"Wattjes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, MS Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martijn T","family":"Wijburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, MS Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands\/Department of Neurology, MS Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anke","family":"Vennegoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, MS Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Birgit I","family":"Witte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan D","family":"Roosendaal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, MS Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands\/Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, MS Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaou","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, MS Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands\/Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carine O","family":"Martins Jarnalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, MS Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands\/Department of Radiology, Medical Center Haaglanden, The Hague, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nancy D","family":"Richert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Development Group, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernard MJ","family":"Uitdehaag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, MS Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frederik","family":"Barkhof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, MS Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joep","family":"Killestein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, MS Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1352458515615225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12206"},{"key":"bibr2-1352458515615225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e32834696dd"},{"key":"bibr3-1352458515615225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa044397"},{"key":"bibr4-1352458515615225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70149-1"},{"key":"bibr5-1352458515615225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306936"},{"key":"bibr6-1352458515615225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.598"},{"key":"bibr7-1352458515615225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70028-4"},{"key":"bibr8-1352458515615225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70040-5"},{"key":"bibr9-1352458515615225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2011-300511"},{"key":"bibr10-1352458515615225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2013.00011"},{"key":"bibr11-1352458515615225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-012-6759-0"},{"key":"bibr12-1352458515615225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458513481010"},{"key":"bibr13-1352458515615225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-014-7336-5"},{"key":"bibr14-1352458515615225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-308630"},{"key":"bibr15-1352458515615225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.114"},{"key":"bibr16-1352458515615225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31826846b4"},{"key":"bibr17-1352458515615225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23676"},{"key":"bibr18-1352458515615225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458513510224"},{"key":"bibr19-1352458515615225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000099"},{"key":"bibr20-1352458515615225","first-page":"27","volume":"18","author":"Richert 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