{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T08:59:16Z","timestamp":1790758756876,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,26]],"date-time":"2017-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1493164800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients is present since the very early stages of the disease and it has been related to long-term disability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To estimate brain volume (BV) at 15\u2009years after a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and to evaluate its relationship with disease outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From a prospective cohort including patients presenting with a CIS, 54 patients with a brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed 15\u2009years after CIS were included. Brain parenchymal fraction (BPF), grey matter fraction (GMF) and white matter fraction (WMF) at 15-year follow-up were obtained. Regression analyses were conducted to predict BV loss and reaching an Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) of 3.0 in that 15-year period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In multivariable analyses, lower values of BPF and WMF were significantly associated with being male, presenting 3\u20134 Barkhof criteria at baseline, presenting a second relapse, and with a decision to start treatment. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, only lower GMF was associated with a greater risk of reaching EDSS 3.0 (odds ratio (OR)\u2009=\u20090.24, p\u2009=\u20090.028).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lower BPF and WMF 15\u2009years after CIS are associated with previous markers of inflammatory disease. Lower GMF 15\u2009years after a CIS is associated with an increased risk of reaching an EDSS of 3.0.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458517707070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,26]],"date-time":"2017-04-26T12:01:48Z","timestamp":1493208108000},"page":"721-727","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Brain atrophy 15 years after CIS: Baseline and follow-up clinico-radiological correlations"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Angela","family":"Vidal-Jordana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology-Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia (Cemcat), Edifici Cemcat, Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaume","family":"Sastre-Garriga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology-Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia (Cemcat), Edifici Cemcat, Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Pareto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Neuroradiology and Magnetic Resonance Unit, Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Tur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology-Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia (Cemcat), Edifici Cemcat, Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain\/National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square MS Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgina","family":"Arrambide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology-Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia (Cemcat), Edifici Cemcat, Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Otero-Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology-Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia (Cemcat), Edifici Cemcat, Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Huerga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Neuroradiology and Magnetic Resonance Unit, Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Mitjana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Neuroradiology and Magnetic Resonance Unit, Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Auger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Neuroradiology and Magnetic Resonance Unit, Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar","family":"Tintor\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology-Neuroimmunology and Multiple 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