{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T21:44:32Z","timestamp":1791582272795,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,28]],"date-time":"2017-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OLGA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OLGA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In multiple sclerosis, development of screening tools for remyelination-promoting molecules is timely.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A Xenopus transgenic line allowing conditional ablation of myelinating oligodendrocytes has been adapted for in vivo screening of remyelination-favoring molecules.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this transgenic, the green fluorescent protein reporter is fused to E. coli nitroreductase and expressed specifically in myelinating oligodendrocytes. Nitroreductase converts the innocuous pro-drug metronidazole to a cytotoxin. Spontaneous remyelination occurs after metronidazole-induced demyelinating responses. As tadpoles are transparent, these events can be monitored in vivo and quantified. At the end of metronidazole-induced demyelination, tadpoles were screened in water containing the compounds tested. After 72\u2009h, remyelination was assayed by counting numbers of oligodendrocytes per optic nerve.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among a battery of molecules tested, siponimod, a dual agonist of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 and 5, was among the most efficient favoring remyelination. Crispr\/cas9 gene editing showed that the promyelinating effect of siponimod involves the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 5.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This Xenopus transgenic line constitutes a simple in vivo screening platform for myelin repair therapeutics. We validated several known promyelinating compounds and demonstrated that the strong remyelinating efficacy of siponimod implicates the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 5.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458517721355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,28]],"date-time":"2017-07-28T05:28:31Z","timestamp":1501219711000},"page":"1421-1432","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["The\n                    <i>Xenopus<\/i>\n                    tadpole: An in vivo model to screen drugs favoring remyelination"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Abdelkrim","family":"Mannioui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, ICM-GH Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, and IBPS F-75013 Paris, 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