{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T11:04:19Z","timestamp":1792839859363,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,2]],"date-time":"2017-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506902400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Transverse myelitis (TM) is an inflammatory disorder that can be idiopathic or associated with central nervous system autoimmune\/dysimmune inflammatory diseases, connective tissue autoimmune diseases, or post-infectious neurological syndromes. Prognosis of initial TM presentations is uncertain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To identify outcome predictors in TM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective study on isolated TM at onset. Scores \u2a7e3 on the modified Rankin scale (mRS) marked high disability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 159 patients were identified. TM was classified as follows: idiopathic (I-TM, n\u2009=\u200953), post-infectious (PI-TM, n\u2009=\u200948), associated with multiple sclerosis (MS-TM, n\u2009=\u200951), or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders\/connective tissue autoimmune diseases\/neurosarcoidosis ( n\u2009=\u20097). At follow-up (median, 55\u2009months; interquartile range, 32\u201380), 42 patients were severely disabled, and patients with I-TM or PI-TM showed the worst outcomes. Predictors of disability were infectious antecedents, sphincter and pyramidal symptoms, high mRS scores, blood\u2013cerebrospinal fluid barrier damage, lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions on univariate analysis, and older age (odds ratio (OR), 1.1; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.0\u20131.1), overt\/subclinical involvement of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) (OR, 9.4; 95% CI, 2.2\u201341.0), complete TM (OR, 10.8; 95% CI, 3.4\u201334.5) on multivariate analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings help define prognosis and therapies in TM at onset. Infectious antecedents and PNS involvement associate with severe prognosis. Nerve conduction studies and lumbar MRI could improve the prognostic assessment of this condition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458517731911","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,3]],"date-time":"2017-10-03T13:18:33Z","timestamp":1507036713000},"page":"1743-1752","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Predictors of outcome in a large retrospective cohort of patients with transverse myelitis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Matteo","family":"Gastaldi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, IRCCS C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy\/University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy\/Department of General Neurology, IRCCS C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Marchioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuro-Oncology, IRCCS C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Banfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology and Stroke Unit, Circolo Hospital and Macchi Foundation, Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Mariani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology and Stroke Unit, Circolo Hospital and Macchi Foundation, Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Di Lodovico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuro-Oncology, IRCCS C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Bergamaschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Centre, IRCCS C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Alfonsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurophysiology, IRCCS C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Borrelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ottavia Eleonora","family":"Ferraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Zardini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, IRCCS C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy; University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Pichiecchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology, IRCCS C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Cortese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy\/Department of General Neurology, IRCCS C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Waters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Woodhall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Ceroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy\/Department of General Neurology, IRCCS C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Mauri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology and Stroke Unit, Circolo Hospital and Macchi Foundation, Varese, Italy\/Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Franciotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, IRCCS C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy\/Department of General Neurology, IRCCS C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1352458517731911","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/124.8.1509"},{"key":"bibr2-1352458517731911","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000110"},{"key":"bibr3-1352458517731911","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000204"},{"key":"bibr4-1352458517731911","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2011.05.018"},{"key":"bibr5-1352458517731911","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.59.4.499"},{"key":"bibr6-1352458517731911","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2007.00835.x"},{"key":"bibr7-1352458517731911","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/120.11.2059"},{"key":"bibr8-1352458517731911","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001729"},{"key":"bibr9-1352458517731911","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.02.013"},{"key":"bibr10-1352458517731911","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-009-5058-x"},{"key":"bibr11-1352458517731911","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1998.tb07379.x"},{"key":"bibr12-1352458517731911","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182840b95"},{"key":"bibr13-1352458517731911","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22366"},{"key":"bibr14-1352458517731911","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780400928"},{"key":"bibr15-1352458517731911","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34473"},{"key":"bibr16-1352458517731911","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.61.6.554"},{"key":"bibr17-1352458517731911","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-13-135"},{"key":"bibr18-1352458517731911","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.57.8.897"},{"key":"bibr19-1352458517731911","volume-title":"The CSF proteins: A biochemical approach","author":"Thompson EJ","year":"1988"},{"key":"bibr20-1352458517731911","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410440512"},{"key":"bibr21-1352458517731911","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31826aac4e"},{"key":"bibr22-1352458517731911","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000089"},{"key":"bibr23-1352458517731911","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-118-3-199302010-00009"},{"key":"bibr24-1352458517731911","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2011.949"},{"key":"bibr25-1352458517731911","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2003.10.009"},{"key":"bibr26-1352458517731911","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2016.02.022"},{"key":"bibr27-1352458517731911","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21719"},{"key":"bibr28-1352458517731911","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000004"},{"key":"bibr29-1352458517731911","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1993.00540050074019"},{"key":"bibr30-1352458517731911","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00543-5"},{"key":"bibr31-1352458517731911","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-003-0242-x"},{"key":"bibr32-1352458517731911","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2008.02088.x"},{"key":"bibr33-1352458517731911","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458509345906"},{"key":"bibr34-1352458517731911","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.004"},{"key":"bibr35-1352458517731911","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000163"},{"key":"bibr36-1352458517731911","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0717-1"},{"key":"bibr37-1352458517731911","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000062"},{"key":"bibr38-1352458517731911","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0718-0"},{"key":"bibr39-1352458517731911","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.5323"}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1352458517731911","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1352458517731911","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1352458517731911","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T03:52:09Z","timestamp":1777693929000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1352458517731911"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,2]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1352458517731911"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1352458517731911","relation":{},"ISSN":["1352-4585","1477-0970"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1352-4585","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-0970","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,2]]}}}