{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T10:12:00Z","timestamp":1791886320639,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,28]],"date-time":"2018-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522195200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The biological mechanism of depression in multiple sclerosis (MS) is not well understood. Based on work in major depressive disorder, fronto-limbic disconnection might be important.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate structural and functional fronto-limbic changes in depressed MS (DMS) and non-depressed MS (nDMS) patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this retrospective study, 22 moderate-to-severe DMS patients (disease duration 8.2\u2009\u00b1\u20097.7\u2009years), 21 nDMS patients (disease duration 15.3\u2009\u00b1\u20098.3\u2009years), and 12 healthy controls underwent neuropsychological testing and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; 1.5\u2009T). Brain volumes (white matter (WM), gray matter, amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus), lesion load, fractional anisotropy (FA) of fronto-limbic tracts, and resting-state functional connectivity (FC) between limbic and frontal areas were measured and compared between groups. Regression analysis was performed to relate MRI measures to the severity of depression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared to nDMS patients, DMS patients (shorter disease duration) had lower WM volume ( p\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), decreased FA of the uncinate fasciculus ( p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), and lower FC between the amygdala and frontal regions ( p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Disease duration, FA of the uncinate fasciculus, and FC of the amygdala could explain 48% of variance in the severity of depression. No differences in cognition were found.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DMS patients showed more pronounced (MS) damage, that is, structural and functional changes in temporo-frontal regions, compared to nDMS patients, suggestive of fronto-limbic disconnection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458518767051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,28]],"date-time":"2018-03-28T04:24:16Z","timestamp":1522211056000},"page":"715-726","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Fronto-limbic disconnection in patients with multiple sclerosis and depression"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Quinten","family":"van Geest","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa E","family":"Boeschoten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center and GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthijs J","family":"Keijzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martijn D","family":"Steenwijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra JW","family":"Pouwels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos WR","family":"Twisk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes H","family":"Smit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center and GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard MJ","family":"Uitdehaag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeroen JG","family":"Geurts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"van Oppen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center and GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanneke E","family":"Hulst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam 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