{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:02:14Z","timestamp":1790737334212,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,7]],"date-time":"2018-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533600000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007366","name":"Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FISM2012\/R\/15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FISM2012\/R\/15"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007366","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RF-2011-02350374"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF-2011-02350374"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hand motor deficits contribute to multiple sclerosis (MS)-related disability. Action observation training (AOT) is promising to improve upper limb function in neurologic patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this preliminary study, we investigated AOT effects on dominant-hand motor performance in MS patients with upper limb motor impairment and performed an explorative analysis of their anatomical and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) substrates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 46 healthy controls (HC) and 41 MS patients with dominant-hand motor impairment were randomized to AOT (HC-AOT\u2009=\u200923; MS-AOT\u2009=\u200920; watching daily-life action videos and execution) or control-training (HC-Control\u2009=\u200923; MS-Control\u2009=\u200921; watching landscapes videos and execution). Behavioral, structural, and functional (at rest and during object manipulation) MRI scans were acquired before and after a 2-week training.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After training, MS groups improved in right upper limb functions, mainly in AOT group ( p from 0.02 to 0.0001). All groups showed regional increased and decreased gray matter volume, with specific AOT effects in fronto-temporal areas in MS-AOT ( p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), without white matter (WM) integrity modifications. Increased and reduced recruitments of the action observation matching system and its connections in MS-AOT were found ( p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Motor improvements were correlated with volumetric and functional MRI modifications ( r from \u22120.78 to 0.77, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The 10-day AOT promotes clinical improvements in MS patients through structural and functional modifications of the action observation matching system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458518792771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,7]],"date-time":"2018-08-07T11:51:11Z","timestamp":1533642671000},"page":"1472-1487","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Functional and structural plasticity following action observation training in multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2358-4320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria A","family":"Rocca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy\/Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Meani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Fumagalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Pagani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Gatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Movement Analysis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy\/Humanitas University and Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filippo","family":"Martinelli-Boneschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7826-0019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Preziosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy\/Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Cordani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giancarlo","family":"Comi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5485-0479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Filippi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy\/Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1352458518792771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7224\/1537-2073.2012-053"},{"key":"bibr2-1352458518792771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.1.57"},{"key":"bibr3-1352458518792771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.03.043"},{"key":"bibr4-1352458518792771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23745"},{"key":"bibr5-1352458518792771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144230"},{"key":"bibr6-1352458518792771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00146965-200603000-00007"},{"key":"bibr7-1352458518792771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3045"},{"key":"bibr8-1352458518792771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/481574"},{"key":"bibr9-1352458518792771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002669"},{"key":"bibr10-1352458518792771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458510381257"},{"key":"bibr11-1352458518792771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MRR.0b013e328325a8ba"},{"key":"bibr12-1352458518792771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-016-9324-2"},{"key":"bibr13-1352458518792771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/122.5.871"},{"key":"bibr14-1352458518792771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458506070933"},{"key":"bibr15-1352458518792771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.1999.00753.x"},{"key":"bibr16-1352458518792771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910340409"},{"key":"bibr17-1352458518792771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2668-09.2009"},{"key":"bibr18-1352458518792771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.460010306"},{"key":"bibr19-1352458518792771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.08.162"},{"key":"bibr20-1352458518792771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e3181fc7f6f"},{"key":"bibr21-1352458518792771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/427311a"},{"key":"bibr22-1352458518792771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2567-10.2010"},{"key":"bibr23-1352458518792771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010198"},{"key":"bibr24-1352458518792771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.502229"},{"key":"bibr25-1352458518792771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-2051"},{"key":"bibr26-1352458518792771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2003.11.013"},{"key":"bibr27-1352458518792771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2921-05.2006"},{"key":"bibr28-1352458518792771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2015.03.006"},{"key":"bibr29-1352458518792771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4628-05.2006"},{"key":"bibr30-1352458518792771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.11111299"},{"key":"bibr31-1352458518792771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2412"},{"key":"bibr32-1352458518792771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-011-0879-6"},{"key":"bibr33-1352458518792771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.12.025"},{"key":"bibr34-1352458518792771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.13121695"},{"key":"bibr35-1352458518792771","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhn181"}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1352458518792771","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1352458518792771","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1352458518792771","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T03:55:37Z","timestamp":1777694137000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1352458518792771"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,7]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1352458518792771"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1352458518792771","relation":{},"ISSN":["1352-4585","1477-0970"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1352-4585","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-0970","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,7]]}}}