{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T04:26:27Z","timestamp":1779251187100,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,3]],"date-time":"2018-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543795200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R01NS082347"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R01NS082347"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000890","name":"National Multiple Sclerosis Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FP-1607-24999"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FP-1607-24999"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000890","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000890","name":"National Multiple Sclerosis Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RG-1606-08768"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG-1606-08768"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000890","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The role of retinal imaging with optical coherence tomography (OCT) in assessing individuals with radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) remains largely unexplored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess retinal layer thicknesses in RIS and examine their associations with clinical features suggestive of increased risk for conversion to multiple sclerosis (MS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 30 RIS subjects and 60 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) underwent retinal imaging with spectral-domain OCT, followed by automated segmentation of retinal layers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, retinal layer thicknesses did not differ between RIS and HC. However, RIS subjects with spinal cord (SC) lesions had lower ganglion cell\u2009+\u2009inner plexiform layer (GCIP) thickness compared to HC (\u22124.41\u2009\u03bcm; p\u2009=\u20090.007) and RIS without SC lesions (\u20133.53\u2009\u03bcm; p\u2009=\u20090.041). Similarly, RIS subjects with infratentorial (IT) brain lesions had lower GCIP thickness compared to HC (\u20134.07\u2009\u03bcm; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and RIS without IT lesions (\u20133.49\u2009\u03bcm; p\u2009=\u20090.029). Multivariate analyses revealed that the presence of SC or IT lesions were independently associated with lower GCIP thickness in RIS ( p\u2009=\u20090.04 and p\u2009=\u20090.03, respectively). Other patient characteristics, including sex, abnormal cerebrospinal fluid, and presence of gadolinium-enhancing or juxtacortical lesions, were not associated with retinal layer thicknesses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The presence of SC or IT lesions in RIS may be associated with retinal neuro-axonal loss, supporting the presence of more disseminated disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458518815597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,3]],"date-time":"2018-12-03T07:54:56Z","timestamp":1543823696000},"page":"1878-1887","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Spinal cord and infratentorial lesions in radiologically isolated syndrome are associated with decreased retinal ganglion cell\/inner plexiform layer thickness"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0419-233X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angeliki","family":"Filippatou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Shoemaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Esch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Madiha","family":"Qutab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Gonzalez-Caldito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jerry L","family":"Prince","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ellen M","family":"Mowry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter A","family":"Calabresi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shiv","family":"Saidha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8812-1637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elias S","family":"Sotirchos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Department of Neurology, Johns 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