{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T06:36:50Z","timestamp":1792132610580,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,6]],"date-time":"2019-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559779200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000381","name":"Multiple Sclerosis Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000381","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In multiple sclerosis (MS), disease effects on magnetisation transfer ratio (MTR) increase towards the ventricles. This periventricular gradient is evident shortly after first symptoms and is independent of white matter lesions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore if alemtuzumab, a peripherally acting disease-modifying treatment, modifies the gradient\u2019s evolution, and whether baseline gradients predict on-treatment relapses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-four people with relapsing-remitting MS underwent annual magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning (19 receiving alemtuzumab (four scans each), 15 untreated (three scans each)). The normal-appearing white matter was segmented into concentric bands. Gradients were measured over the three bands nearest the ventricles. Mixed-effects models adjusted for age, gender, relapse rate, lesion number and brain parenchymal fraction compared the groups\u2019 baseline gradients and evolution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Untreated, the mean MTR gradient increased (+0.030\u2009pu\/band\/year) but decreased following alemtuzumab (\u22120.045\u2009pu\/band\/year, p\u2009=\u20090.037). Within the alemtuzumab group, there were no significant differences in baseline lesion number ( p\u2009=\u20090.568) nor brain parenchymal fraction ( p\u2009=\u20090.187) between those who relapsed within 4\u2009years ( n\u2009=\u20094) and those who did not ( n\u2009=\u200915). However, the baseline gradient was significantly different ( p\u2009=\u20090.020).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Untreated, abnormal periventricular gradients worsen with time, but appear reversible with peripheral immunotherapy. Baseline gradients \u2013 but not lesion loads or brain volumes \u2013 may predict on-treatment relapses. Larger confirmatory studies are required.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458519852093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,6]],"date-time":"2019-06-06T05:19:22Z","timestamp":1559798362000},"page":"1093-1101","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Periventricular magnetisation transfer ratio abnormalities in multiple sclerosis improve after alemtuzumab"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7737-5834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J William L","family":"Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NMR Research Unit, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferran","family":"Prados Carrasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NMR Research Unit, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK; Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, University College London, London, UK; eHealth Center, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arman","family":"Eshaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NMR Research Unit, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK; Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carole H","family":"Sudre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King\u2019s College London, London, UK; Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Button","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, York Hospital, York, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Pardini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NMR Research Unit, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa and IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0197-702X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca S","family":"Samson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NMR Research Unit, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastien","family":"Ourselin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King\u2019s College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia AM Gandini","family":"Wheeler-Kingshott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NMR Research Unit, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK; Brain MRI 3T Research Centre, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanne L","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alasdair J","family":"Coles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3076-2682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Declan T","family":"Chard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NMR Research Unit, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre, London, 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