{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T04:01:27Z","timestamp":1793073687607,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]],"date-time":"2019-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568851200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The central vein sign (CVS) has been shown to help in the differential diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS), but most prior studies are retrospective.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To prospectively assess the diagnostic predictive value of the CVS in diagnostically difficult cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this prospective multicenter study, 51 patients with suspected MS who had clinical, imaging, or laboratory \u201cred flags\u201d (i.e. features atypical for MS) underwent 3T fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR*) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for CVS assessment. After the diagnostic work-up, expert clinicians blinded to the results of the CVS assessment came to a clinical diagnosis. The value of the CVS to prospectively predict an MS diagnosis was assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 39 patients who received a clinical diagnosis by the end of the study, 27 had MS and 12 received a non-MS diagnosis that included systemic lupus erythematosus, sarcoidosis, migraine, Sj\u00f6gren disease, SPG4-spastic-paraparesis, neuromyelitis optica, and Susac syndrome. The percentage of perivenular lesions was higher in MS (median\u2009=\u200986%) compared to non-MS (median\u2009=\u200921%; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) patients. A 40% perivenular lesion cutoff was associated with 97% accuracy and a 96% positive\/100% negative predictive value.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The CVS detected on 3T FLAIR* images can accurately predict an MS diagnosis in patients suspected to have MS, but with atypical clinical, laboratory, and imaging features.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458519876031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]],"date-time":"2019-09-19T12:06:06Z","timestamp":1568894766000},"page":"421-432","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["The \u201ccentral vein sign\u201d in patients with diagnostic \u201cred flags\u201d for multiple sclerosis: A prospective multicenter 3T study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1697-5585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro","family":"Maggi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Center of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland\/ Department of Neurology, H\u00f4pital Erasme, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0276-383X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Absinta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA\/ Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy\/ Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Sati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaetano","family":"Perrotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, H\u00f4pital Erasme, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Massacesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy\/ Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology 2, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Dachy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hopital Brugmann, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Pot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Center of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reto","family":"Meuli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2628-4334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel S","family":"Reich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5485-0479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Filippi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy\/ Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renaud Du","family":"Pasquier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Center of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Th\u00e9audin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Center of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1352458519876031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1401483"},{"key":"bibr2-1352458519876031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30470-2"},{"key":"bibr3-1352458519876031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2017.106"},{"key":"bibr4-1352458519876031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2018.14"},{"key":"bibr5-1352458519876031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2016.166"},{"key":"bibr6-1352458519876031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25146"},{"key":"bibr7-1352458519876031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25461"},{"key":"bibr8-1352458519876031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.273"},{"key":"bibr9-1352458519876031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458517726383"},{"key":"bibr10-1352458519876031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31820b7630"},{"key":"bibr11-1352458519876031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005256"},{"key":"bibr12-1352458519876031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458512441270"},{"key":"bibr13-1352458519876031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458508096878"},{"key":"bibr14-1352458519876031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-015-0576-7"},{"key":"bibr15-1352458519876031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006583"},{"key":"bibr16-1352458519876031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70572-5"},{"key":"bibr17-1352458519876031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz144"},{"key":"bibr18-1352458519876031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2013.41"},{"key":"bibr19-1352458519876031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.12120208"},{"key":"bibr20-1352458519876031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458515616700"},{"key":"bibr21-1352458519876031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34473"},{"key":"bibr22-1352458519876031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.2295"},{"key":"bibr23-1352458519876031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39859"},{"key":"bibr24-1352458519876031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1877-184X(09)70088-7"},{"key":"bibr25-1352458519876031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001729"},{"key":"bibr26-1352458519876031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2016-314295"},{"key":"bibr27-1352458519876031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70052-3"},{"key":"bibr28-1352458519876031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.1405"},{"key":"bibr29-1352458519876031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.2160"},{"key":"bibr30-1352458519876031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22366"},{"key":"bibr31-1352458519876031","unstructured":"The central vein sign on cerebral 3T MRI in multiple sclerosis\u2014a multi-center investigation under the auspices of the MAGNIMS study group. In: Paper presented at the 34th congress of the European Committee for treatment and research in multiple sclerosis, Berlin, 10\u201312 October 2018, pp. 8\u2013120. Basel: ECTRIMS."},{"key":"bibr32-1352458519876031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000000629"},{"key":"bibr33-1352458519876031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.26652"}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1352458519876031","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1352458519876031","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1352458519876031","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T04:00:36Z","timestamp":1777694436000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1352458519876031"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1352458519876031"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1352458519876031","relation":{},"ISSN":["1352-4585","1477-0970"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1352-4585","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-0970","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]]}}}