{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T10:56:21Z","timestamp":1790420181873,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,16]],"date-time":"2020-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000890","name":"National Multiple Sclerosis Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RG-1606-08768"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG-1606-08768"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000890","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014842","name":"race to erase ms","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014842","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NS082347"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS082347"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Studies evaluating associations between body mass index (BMI) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) measures in multiple sclerosis (MS) are lacking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess whether elevated BMI is associated with accelerated retinal atrophy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this observational study, 513 MS patients were followed with serial spectral-domain OCT for a median of 4.4\u2009years. Participants were categorized as normal weight (BMI: 18.5\u201324.9\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), overweight (BMI: 25\u201329.9\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), and obese (BMI: \u2a7e30\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ). Participants with diabetes mellitus or uncontrolled hypertension and eyes with optic neuritis (ON) \u2a7d6\u2009months prior to baseline OCT or during follow-up were excluded. Statistical analyses were performed with mixed-effects linear regression.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Obese patients ( n\u2009=\u2009146) exhibited accelerated rates of ganglion cell\u2009+\u2009inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) atrophy relative to normal weight patients ( n\u2009=\u2009214; \u20130.57%\/year (95% confidence interval (CI): \u20130.65% to \u20130.48%) versus \u20130.42%\/year (95% CI: \u20130.49% to \u20130.35%); p\u2009=\u20090.012). GCIPL atrophy rate did not differ between overweight ( n\u2009=\u2009153) and normal weight patients (\u20130.47%\/year vs \u20130.42%\/year; p\u2009=\u20090.41). Each 1\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      higher BMI was associated with accelerated GCIPL (\u20130.011%\/year; 95% CI: \u20130.019% to \u20130.004%; p\u2009=\u20090.003) atrophy. Multivariable analyses accounting for age, sex, race, MS subtype, and ON history did not alter the above findings.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Elevated BMI, in the absence of overt metabolic comorbidities, may be associated with accelerated GCIPL atrophy. Obesity, a modifiable risk factor, may be associated with accelerated neurodegeneration in MS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458519900942","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,16]],"date-time":"2020-04-16T10:38:54Z","timestamp":1587033534000},"page":"843-854","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Association of body mass index with longitudinal rates of retinal atrophy in multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0419-233X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angeliki G","family":"Filippatou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Lambe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8812-1637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elias S","family":"Sotirchos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn C","family":"Fitzgerald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3409-8486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Aston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7880-8948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olwen C","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Pellegrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Fioravante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hunter","family":"Risher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Ogbuokiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ohemaa","family":"Kwakyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandon","family":"Toliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simidele","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Luciano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ciprian","family":"Crainiceanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerry L","family":"Prince","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen M","family":"Mowry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter A","family":"Calabresi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiv","family":"Saidha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1352458519900942","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1401483"},{"key":"bibr2-1352458519900942","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458517699289"},{"key":"bibr3-1352458519900942","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0148573"},{"key":"bibr4-1352458519900942","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2014.10.020"},{"key":"bibr5-1352458519900942","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.04.024"},{"key":"bibr6-1352458519900942","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.01.045"},{"key":"bibr7-1352458519900942","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2017.03.002"},{"key":"bibr8-1352458519900942","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006644"},{"key":"bibr9-1352458519900942","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30278-8"},{"key":"bibr10-1352458519900942","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458511418630"},{"key":"bibr11-1352458519900942","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31827b1a1c"},{"key":"bibr12-1352458519900942","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24487"},{"key":"bibr13-1352458519900942","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20703"},{"key":"bibr14-1352458519900942","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000560"},{"key":"bibr15-1352458519900942","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0034823"},{"key":"bibr16-1352458519900942","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458510371640"},{"key":"bibr17-1352458519900942","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458514538110"},{"key":"bibr18-1352458519900942","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.4.001133"},{"key":"bibr19-1352458519900942","volume":"2015","author":"Bhargava P","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mult Scler Int"},{"key":"bibr20-1352458519900942","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002774"},{"key":"bibr21-1352458519900942","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7742(07)79019-0"},{"key":"bibr22-1352458519900942","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.11.032"},{"key":"bibr23-1352458519900942","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr264"},{"key":"bibr24-1352458519900942","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-13-0339"},{"key":"bibr25-1352458519900942","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2007.01.011"},{"key":"bibr26-1352458519900942","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/4036232"},{"key":"bibr27-1352458519900942","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207450701392282"},{"key":"bibr28-1352458519900942","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2008.00473.x"},{"key":"bibr29-1352458519900942","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000247052.18422.e5"},{"key":"bibr30-1352458519900942","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13769"},{"key":"bibr31-1352458519900942","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181d6b125"},{"key":"bibr32-1352458519900942","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(18)30288-2"},{"key":"bibr33-1352458519900942","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz388"},{"key":"bibr34-1352458519900942","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awy245"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr35-1352458519900942","first-page":"886","volume":"20","author":"Dogan B","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"bibr36-1352458519900942","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/9787450"}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1352458519900942","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1352458519900942","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1352458519900942","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T04:01:49Z","timestamp":1777694509000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1352458519900942"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,16]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1352458519900942"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1352458519900942","relation":{},"ISSN":["1352-4585","1477-0970"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1352-4585","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-0970","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,16]]}}}