{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T02:54:48Z","timestamp":1794020088355,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,12]],"date-time":"2020-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583971200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005614","name":"Biogen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005614","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess comprehension and application of the McDonald criteria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Studies suggest that knowledge gaps for specific core elements of the McDonald criteria may contribute to multiple sclerosis (MS) misdiagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neurology residents (NR) and multiple sclerosis specialists (MSS) in North America completed a web-based survey.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 160 participants were included: 72 NR and 88 MSS. Syndromes incorrectly identified as typical of MS included: complete transverse myelopathy (35% NR and 15% MSS), intractable vomiting\/nausea\/hiccoughs (20% NR and 5% MSS), and bilateral optic neuritis\/unilateral optic neuritis with poor visual recovery (17% NR and 10% MSS). Periventricular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions were correctly identified by 39% NR and 52% MSS, and juxtacortical lesions were correctly identified by 28% NR and 53% MSS. The correct definition of \u201cperiventricular\u201d was chosen by 38% NR and 61% MSS, and that of \u201cjuxtacortical\u201d was chosen by 19% NR and 54% MSS. Regions incorrectly identified for MRI dissemination in space fulfillment included the optic nerve (31% NR and 26% MSS) and the subcortical white matter (11% NR and 18% MSS). The majority of participants assessed previous non-specific neurological symptoms without objective evidence of a central nervous system (CNS) lesion as sufficient for clinical dissemination in time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The McDonald criteria are often misunderstood and misapplied. Concerted educational efforts may prevent MS misdiagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520910496","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,12]],"date-time":"2020-03-12T08:20:54Z","timestamp":1584001254000},"page":"250-258","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Challenges in multiple sclerosis diagnosis: Misunderstanding and misapplication of the McDonald criteria"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Andrew J","family":"Solomon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Sciences, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roman","family":"Pettigrew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert T","family":"Naismith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salim","family":"Chahin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Krieger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Weinshenker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 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