{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T04:01:34Z","timestamp":1793073694492,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,16]],"date-time":"2020-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594857600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The pathogenetic mechanisms sustaining neuroinflammatory disorders may originate from the cerebrospinal fluid.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate white matter damage with diffusion tensor imaging and T1\/T2-weighted ratio at progressive distances from the ventricular system in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders and multiple sclerosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fractional anisotropy, mean, axial, and radial diffusivity and T1\/T2-weighted ratio maps were obtained from patients with seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, multiple sclerosis, and healthy controls ( n\u2009=\u200920 each group). White matter damage was assessed as function of ventricular distance within progressive concentric bands.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared to healthy controls, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders patients had similar fractional anisotropy, radial and axial diffusivity, increased mean diffusivity ( p\u2009=\u20090.009\u20130.013) and reduced T1\/T2-weighted ratio ( p\u2009=\u20090.024\u20130.037) in all bands. In multiple sclerosis, gradient of percentage lesion volume and intra-lesional mean and axial diffusivity were higher in periventricular bands. Compared to healthy controls, multiple sclerosis patients had reduced fractional anisotropy ( p\u2009=\u20090.001\u20130.043) in periventricular bands, increased mean ( p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), radial ( p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001\u20130.004), and axial diffusivity ( p\u2009=\u20090.002\u20130.008) and preserved T1\/T2-weighted ratio in all bands.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>White matter damage is higher at periventricular level in multiple sclerosis and diffuse in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Fractional anisotropy preservation, associated with increased mean diffusivity and reduced T1\/T2-weighted ratio may reflect astrocyte damage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520941493","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,16]],"date-time":"2020-07-16T06:23:21Z","timestamp":1594880601000},"page":"841-854","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Mapping white matter damage distribution in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders with a multimodal MRI approach"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Cacciaguerra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy\/Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2358-4320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria A","family":"Rocca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy\/Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loredana","family":"Storelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Radaelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 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