{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]],"date-time":"2026-08-16T06:58:12Z","timestamp":1786863492531,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]],"date-time":"2021-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612915200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cognitive\u2013motor interference (CMI) has been well recognized in persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS); however, there are limited data on effects of task difficulty.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Examine (1) the effects of motor and cognitive tasks varying in difficulty on the magnitude of CMI and (2) the discriminative validity of CMI between pwMS and healthy controls (HC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nine cognitive\u2013motor dual-task (DT) conditions (combinations of three cognitive and three walking tasks) were examined. Outcome measures were DT-performance and dual-task cost (DTC) of gait parameters and correct answers. Task differences and overall group-effects were analysed by mixed model analysis, plus the Wilcoxon signed-rank tests or multivariate analysis of variances (MANOVAs), respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Task effects were examined in 82 pwMS (Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS): 3.3\u2009\u00b1\u20091.0) and discriminative validity in a subsample (35 pwMS and 33 HC). Motor-DTC and DT-performance were affected by difficulty of both the cognitive task ( p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and the walking condition ( p\u2009\u2a7d\u20090.002), while cognitive-DTC only varied between cognitive tasks with a large difference in difficulty ( p\u2009\u2a7d\u20090.005) and not between walking conditions ( p\u2009\u2a7e\u20090.125). None of the DTCs differed between groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CMI, and especially motor performance, is affected by difficulty of the DT. Although pwMS performed worse on the tasks than HC, none of the DT-conditions showed a discriminative DTC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520986960","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,13]],"date-time":"2021-02-13T06:28:12Z","timestamp":1613197692000},"page":"1924-1938","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Differential effects and discriminative validity of motor and cognitive tasks varying in difficulty on cognitive\u2013motor interference in persons with multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Renee","family":"Veldkamp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7999-0868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alon","family":"Kalron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Professions, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilse","family":"Baert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paivi","family":"H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Masku Neurological Rehabilitation Centre, Finnish Neuro Society, Masku, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Tacchino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Research Area, Italian MS Foundation (FISM), Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mieke","family":"D\u2019hooge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium\/National MS Center Melsbroek, Steenokkerzeel, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Giffroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Li\u00e8ge, Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7518-7899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fanny","family":"Van Geel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joke","family":"Raats","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium\/De Mick AZ Klina Brasschaat, Brasschaat, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Coninx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Expertise Centre for Digital Media, Faculty of Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart","family":"Van Wijmeersch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium\/Rehabilitation and MS Center Overpelt, Pelt, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5680-5495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Feys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1352458520986960","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.08.002"},{"key":"bibr2-1352458520986960","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-09759-7"},{"key":"bibr3-1352458520986960","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458514547408"},{"key":"bibr4-1352458520986960","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.08.016"},{"key":"bibr5-1352458520986960","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/720856"},{"key":"bibr6-1352458520986960","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2016.07.018"},{"key":"bibr7-1352458520986960","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968319856897"},{"key":"bibr8-1352458520986960","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8122177"},{"key":"bibr9-1352458520986960","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6"},{"key":"bibr10-1352458520986960","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.33.11.1444"},{"key":"bibr11-1352458520986960","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-14-61"},{"key":"bibr12-1352458520986960","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/15344"},{"key":"bibr13-1352458520986960","first-page":"650645","volume":"2015","author":"Kirkland 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