{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T23:03:10Z","timestamp":1785538990996,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]],"date-time":"2021-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626220800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are neuroinflammatory diseases of the central nervous system. Patients suffer from recurring relapses and it is unclear whether relapse-independent disease activity occurs and whether this is of clinical relevance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To detect disease-specific alterations of the retinal vasculature that reflect disease activity during NMOSD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional analysis of 16 patients with NMOSD, 21 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, and 21 healthy controls using retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT), optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A), measurement of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) serum levels, and assessment of visual acuity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with NMOSD but not multiple sclerosis revealed lower foveal thickness (FT) ( p = 0.02) measures and an increase of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) ( p = 0.02) compared to healthy controls independent to optic neuritis. Reduced FT ( p = 0.01), enlarged FAZ areas ( p = 0.0001), and vessel loss of the superficial vascular complex ( p = 0.01) were linked to higher serum GFAP levels and superficial vessel loss was associated with worse visual performance in patients with NMOSD irrespective of optic neuritis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Subclinical parafoveal retinal vessel loss might occur during NMOSD and might be linked to astrocyte damage and poor visual performance. OCT-A may be a tool to study subclinical disease activity during NMOSD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585211028831","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]],"date-time":"2021-07-14T11:22:42Z","timestamp":1626261762000},"page":"522-531","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Optical coherence tomography angiography indicates subclinical retinal disease in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Lilian","family":"Aly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany\/Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 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Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Achim","family":"Berthele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meike","family":"Mitsdoerffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany\/Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Haass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany\/Institute of Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany\/Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, 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