{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T04:01:22Z","timestamp":1793073682104,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"LACTRIMS support"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) misdiagnosis (i.e. the incorrect diagnosis of patients who truly have NMOSD) remains an issue in clinical practice. We determined the frequency and factors associated with NMOSD misdiagnosis in patients evaluated in a cohort from Latin America.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with NMOSD, according to the 2015 diagnostic criteria, from referral clinics in six Latin American countries (Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela). Diagnoses prior to NMOSD and ultimate diagnoses, demographic, clinical and paraclinical data, and treatment schemes were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 469 patients presented with an established diagnosis of NMOSD (73.2% seropositive) and after evaluation, we determined that 56 (12%) patients had been initially misdiagnosed with a disease other than NMOSD. The most frequent alternative diagnoses were multiple sclerosis (MS; 66.1%), clinically isolated syndrome (17.9%), and cerebrovascular disease (3.6%). NMOSD misdiagnosis was determined by MS\/NMOSD specialists in 33.9% of cases. An atypical MS syndrome was found in 86% of misdiagnosed patients, 50% had NMOSD red flags in brain and\/or spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and 71.5% were prescribed disease-modifying drugs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NMOSD misdiagnosis is relatively frequent in Latin America (12%). Misapplication and misinterpretation of clinical and neuroradiological findings are relevant factors associated with misdiagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585221136259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T08:41:31Z","timestamp":1669884091000},"page":"277-286","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Frequency of NMOSD misdiagnosis in a cohort from Latin America: Impact and evaluation of different contributors"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7435-5726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edgar","family":"Carnero Contentti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Alem\u00e1n, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo A","family":"L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Alem\u00e1n, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Criniti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Alem\u00e1n, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9955-8343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Hospital J.M. Ramos Mej\u00eda, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5866-2419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Berenice","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Hospital J.M. Ramos Mej\u00eda, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina\/Secci\u00f3n Enfermedades Desmielinizantes, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5716-6082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geraldine","family":"Luetic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Neurociencias de Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6363-8886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edgar Patricio","family":"Correa-D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Hospital Carlos Andrade Marin, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3131-6246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorna","family":"Galleguillos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica Alemana de Santiago, Santiago, Chile; Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Navas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica Enfermedad Desmielinizante, Clinica Universitaria Colombia, Bogot\u00e1, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1120-372X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibis","family":"Soto de Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario de Maracaibo, Maracaibo, Venezuela"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando Diaz de Bedoya","family":"Hamuy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Nacional de Esclerosis Multiple, Asuncion, Paraguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Gracia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Santo Tomas, Universidad Interamericana de Panam\u00e1, Panama City, Panam\u00e1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ver\u00f3nica","family":"Tkachuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimmunology Section, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas \u201cJos\u00e9 de San Mart\u00edn,\u201d Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian G","family":"Weinshenker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Ignacio","family":"Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Esclerosis M\u00faltiple de Buenos Aires (CEMBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-13524585221136259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02249-1"},{"key":"bibr2-13524585221136259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-308984"},{"key":"bibr3-13524585221136259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001367"},{"key":"bibr4-13524585221136259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25411"},{"key":"bibr5-13524585221136259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30392-6"},{"key":"bibr6-13524585221136259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz054"},{"key":"bibr7-13524585221136259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000089"},{"key":"bibr8-13524585221136259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.2021.1949686"},{"key":"bibr9-13524585221136259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.103026"},{"key":"bibr10-13524585221136259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30470-2"},{"key":"bibr11-13524585221136259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-9-14"},{"key":"bibr12-13524585221136259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001729"},{"key":"bibr13-13524585221136259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.01.001"},{"key":"bibr14-13524585221136259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585211067521"},{"key":"bibr15-13524585221136259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458519898590"},{"key":"bibr16-13524585221136259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.01.048"},{"key":"bibr17-13524585221136259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006583"},{"key":"bibr18-13524585221136259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003152"},{"key":"bibr19-13524585221136259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000580"},{"key":"bibr20-13524585221136259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0508716103"},{"key":"bibr21-13524585221136259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458508096878"},{"key":"bibr22-13524585221136259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz144"},{"key":"bibr23-13524585221136259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.103778"},{"key":"bibr24-13524585221136259","unstructured":"Villa A, Fernandez V, Melamud L. Neuromyelitis optica misdiagnosed as multiple sclerosis: A hospital-based study. ECTRIMS Online Library, P978, 2018."},{"key":"bibr25-13524585221136259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2016-314005"},{"key":"bibr26-13524585221136259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.101965"},{"key":"bibr27-13524585221136259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-282x-anp-2022-e005"},{"key":"bibr28-13524585221136259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00218-0"},{"key":"bibr29-13524585221136259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.102742"},{"key":"bibr30-13524585221136259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.635419"},{"key":"bibr31-13524585221136259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-022-02450-w"},{"key":"bibr32-13524585221136259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585211048401"},{"key":"bibr33-13524585221136259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4997\/JRCPE.2015.106"},{"key":"bibr34-13524585221136259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182887957"},{"key":"bibr35-13524585221136259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458519849517"},{"key":"bibr36-13524585221136259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15178"},{"key":"bibr37-13524585221136259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.103083"},{"key":"bibr38-13524585221136259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.05.024"},{"key":"bibr39-13524585221136259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17562864211054157"}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13524585221136259","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/13524585221136259","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13524585221136259","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T04:10:57Z","timestamp":1777695057000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/13524585221136259"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/13524585221136259"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13524585221136259","relation":{},"ISSN":["1352-4585","1477-0970"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1352-4585","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-0970","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]}}}