{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:33:44Z","timestamp":1777937624845,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]],"date-time":"2023-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679961600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01KI2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01KI2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01KX2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01KX2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017268","name":"Berlin Institute of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BIH-Charit\u00e9 Clinician Scientist Program"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BIH-Charit\u00e9 Clinician Scientist Program"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013865","name":"Stiftung Charit\u00e9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BIH Clinical Fellow Program"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BIH Clinical Fellow Program"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021727","name":"Berlin University Alliance","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021727","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To analyze anti-SARS-CoV-2-S1-IgG levels, avidity, Omicron BA.2 variant neutralizing capacity, and SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in anti-CD20-treated patients with multiple sclerosis (aCD20pwMS) after two, three, or four COVID-19 vaccinations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Frequencies of aCD20pwMS with detectable SARS-CoV-2-S1-IgG increased moderately between two (31\/61 (51%)), three (31\/57 (54%)), and four (17\/26 (65%)) vaccinations. However, among patients with detectable SARS-CoV-2-S1-IgG, frequencies of high avidity (6\/31 (19%) vs 11\/17 (65%)) and Omicron neutralizing antibodies (0\/10 (0%) vs 6\/10 (60%)) increased strongly between two and four vaccinations. SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells were detectable in &gt;92% after two or more vaccinations<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Additional vaccinations qualitatively improve SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585231161253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]],"date-time":"2023-03-28T06:30:45Z","timestamp":1679985045000},"page":"884-888","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Humoral immune responses remain quantitatively impaired but improve qualitatively in anti-CD20-treated patients with multiple sclerosis after three or four COVID-19 vaccinations"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Carolin","family":"Otto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatjana","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany\/German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lara M","family":"Jeworowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany\/German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8512-7531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie L","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany\/German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Walper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany\/German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Pache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Schindler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moritz","family":"Niederschweiberer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1094-350X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andi","family":"Krumbholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infection Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universit\u00e4t zu Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany\/Labor Dr. Krause und Kollegen MVZ GmbH, Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0657-2993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruben","family":"Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infection Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universit\u00e4t zu Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Drosten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany\/German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Klemens","family":"Ruprecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3605-0136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor M","family":"Corman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany\/German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany\/Labor Berlin-Charit\u00e9 Vivantes GmbH, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-13524585231161253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.0688"},{"key":"bibr2-13524585231161253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7038e1"},{"key":"bibr3-13524585231161253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585221094478"},{"key":"bibr4-13524585231161253","first-page":"3","volume":"21","author":"STIKO","year":"2022","journal-title":"Epid Bull"},{"key":"bibr5-13524585231161253","unstructured":"ECDC. Threat assessment brief: Implications of the further emergence and spread of the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 variant of concern (Omicron) for the EU\/EEA\u2014first update, 2021, https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/threat-assessment-covid-19-emergence-sars-cov-2-variant-omicron-december-2021.pdf"},{"key":"bibr6-13524585231161253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04399-5"},{"key":"bibr7-13524585231161253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2021-002166"},{"key":"bibr8-13524585231161253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.5109"},{"key":"bibr9-13524585231161253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2114583"},{"key":"bibr10-13524585231161253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.0245"}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13524585231161253","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/13524585231161253","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13524585231161253","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T04:11:39Z","timestamp":1777695099000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/13524585231161253"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/13524585231161253"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13524585231161253","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2022.08.10.22278639","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1352-4585","1477-0970"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1352-4585","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-0970","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]]}}}