{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:35:15Z","timestamp":1777937715751,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694736000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) in people living with HIV (PLWH) is rare and its management can be difficult. Here we report a case of an HIV patient with bilateral vision loss, who was diagnosed with AQP4-IgG-positive NMOSD in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Rituximab treatment was initiated after attack therapy with corticosteroids and plasma exchange. NMOSD and HIV disease remained stable, but SARS-CoV-2 immune response after repeated vaccinations was insufficient. After switching immunotherapy due to the lack of vaccination response to satralizumab, peripheral B cells reoccurred and a humoral immune response was observed after reapplication of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. This case illustrates the challenges associated with the treatment of NMOSD in PLWH.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585231199022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T06:24:26Z","timestamp":1694759066000},"page":"1872-1875","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Therapy challenges for NMOSD in a patient with HIV"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9877-6987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Engels","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4386-1340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joachim","family":"Havla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"F\u00f6rderreuther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tania","family":"K\u00fcmpfel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-13524585231199022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/sajhivmed.v18i1.684"},{"key":"bibr2-13524585231199022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000012753"},{"key":"bibr3-13524585231199022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01507-2"},{"key":"bibr4-13524585231199022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-020-01438-z"},{"key":"bibr5-13524585231199022","unstructured":"Nomah DK, Reyes-Urue\u00f1a J, Diaz Y, et al. CD4+ T-cell count below 200 cells\/mm3 is associated with worse COVID-19 outcomes among people living with HIV regardless of virological suppression. https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jia2.25755 (accessed 24 November 2022)."},{"key":"bibr6-13524585231199022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-021-00547-y"},{"key":"bibr7-13524585231199022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.cco.0000172824.78318.b9"},{"key":"bibr8-13524585231199022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2014.0121"},{"key":"bibr9-13524585231199022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585221151124"}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13524585231199022","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/13524585231199022","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13524585231199022","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T04:13:03Z","timestamp":1777695183000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/13524585231199022"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/13524585231199022"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13524585231199022","relation":{},"ISSN":["1352-4585","1477-0970"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1352-4585","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-0970","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]]}}}