{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T14:04:46Z","timestamp":1787666686090,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,19]],"date-time":"2023-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700352000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Beckett Foundation"},{"name":"Danish Society of Multiple Sclerosis"},{"name":"A. P. M\u00f8ller\u2019s Foundation of Medical Research"},{"name":"Dr. Sofus Carl Emil Friis & Olga Doris Friis\u2019 Foundation"},{"name":"Aase & Ejnar Danielsen\u2019s Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The association between intra-uterine exposure to maternal smoking and risk of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been little studied and with conflicting results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the risk of MS in offspring exposed intra-uterine to maternal smoking. In addition, to re-examine prior observations of an elevated risk of MS among smokers, assuming that self-reported smoking during pregnancy reflects the woman\u2019s general smoking habits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study cohort included all Danish women, pregnant in the period 1991\u20132018, ( n = 789,299) and singletons from these pregnancies ( n = 879,135). Nationwide information on maternal smoking during pregnancy and MS cases in the study cohort were obtained from the Medical Birth Register and the National Patient Register. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for the association between smoking and MS risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Women who smoked during pregnancy had a 42% increased risk of developing MS compared with non-smoking women (HR = 1.42 (1.32\u20131.52), n = 1,296). The risk of MS among singletons of women who smoked during pregnancy was 38% higher than that among singletons born to non-smoking women (HR = 1.38 (1.08\u20131.76), n = 110).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our observations add further to the evidence implicating smoking in the development of MS and suggest that intra-uterine exposure to tobacco smoke may increase MS risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585231208310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,19]],"date-time":"2023-11-19T23:08:41Z","timestamp":1700435321000},"page":"200-208","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Smoking during pregnancy and risk of multiple sclerosis in offspring and mother: A Danish nationwide register-based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Nete Munk","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Focused Research Unit in Neurology, Department of Neurology, Hospital of Southern Jutland, University of Southern Denmark, Aabenraa, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3864-8860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morten","family":"Frisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanne","family":"G\u00f8rtz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Egon","family":"Stenager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Focused Research Unit in Neurology, Department of Neurology, Hospital of Southern Jutland, University of Southern Denmark, Aabenraa, Denmark"},{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Clinic of Southern Jutland (Aabenraa, Kolding, Esbjerg), Department of Neurology, Hospital of Southern Jutland, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0026-3711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristin","family":"Skogstrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M","family":"Hougaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Ascherio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6220-9414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Klaus","family":"Rostgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Hjalgrim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of 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