{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T01:29:24Z","timestamp":1791595764879,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707091200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) can cause optic neuritis, transverse myelitis, or acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). Immunotherapy is often used for relapsing disease, but there is variability in treatment decisions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective was to determine the annualized relapse rates (ARRs) and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) compared to pre-treatment and relapse-freedom probabilities among patients receiving steroids, B-cell depletion (BCD), intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective cohort study of patients with relapsing MOGAD treated at Mass General Brigham. ARRs and IRRs compared to pre-treatment, and relapse-freedom probability and odds ratio for relapse-freedom compared to prednisone were calculated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 88 patients met the inclusion criteria. The ARR on IVIG was 0.13 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.06\u20130.27) and the relapse-freedom probability after at least 6 months of therapy was 72%. The ARR on BCD was 0.51 (95% CI = 0.34\u20130.77), and the relapse-freedom probability was 33%. The ARR on MMF was 0.32 (95% CI = 0.19\u20130.53) and the relapse-freedom probability was 49%. In pediatric-onset disease, MMF had the lowest ARRs (0.15, 95% CI = 0.07\u20130.33).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IVIG had the lowest ARRs and IRRs compared to pre-treatment and the highest relapse-freedom odds ratio compared to prednisone, while BCD had the lowest. In pediatric-onset MOGAD, MMF had the lowest ARRs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585241226830","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T04:25:25Z","timestamp":1707107125000},"page":"357-368","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Effectiveness of immunotherapies in relapsing myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2672-554X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe Antoine","family":"Bilodeau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology & Neuroinfectious Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasia","family":"Vishnevetsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology & Neuroinfectious Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Negar","family":"Molazadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology & Neuroinfectious Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4015-9783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Itay","family":"Lotan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology & Neuroinfectious Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monique","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology & Neuroinfectious Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Romanow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology & Neuroinfectious Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Salky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology & Neuroinfectious Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian C","family":"Healy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo","family":"Matiello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology & Neuroinfectious Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanuja","family":"Chitnis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7969-8346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology & Neuroinfectious Disease, 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