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All underwent 3T brain and (C2-C3) cord structural imaging and qMRI (relaxometry, quantitative magnetisation transfer, multi-shell diffusion-weighted imaging), using a fast brain-and-cord\u2013matched protocol with brain-and-cord\u2013unified imaging readouts. Lesion and NA-tissue volumes and qMRI metrics reflecting demyelination and axonal loss were obtained. Random forest analyses identified the most relevant volumetric\/qMRI measures to clinical outcomes. Confounder-adjusted linear regression estimated the actual MRI-clinical associations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Several qMRI\/volumetric differences between patients and controls were observed (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01). Higher NA-deep grey matter quantitative-T1 (EDSS: beta = 7.96,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.006; 9HPT: beta = \u22120.09,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.004), higher NA-white matter orientation dispersion index (TWT: beta = \u22123.21,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.005; SDMT: beta = \u2212847.10,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), lower whole-cord bound pool fraction (9HPT: beta = 0.79,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001) and higher NA-cortical grey matter quantitative-T1 (SDMT = \u221294.31,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) emerged as particularly relevant predictors of greater disability.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fast brain-and-cord\u2013matched qMRI protocols are feasible and identify demyelination \u2013 combined with other mechanisms \u2013 as key for disability accumulation in PMS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585241229969","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]],"date-time":"2024-02-19T04:04:27Z","timestamp":1708315467000},"page":"516-534","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["What contributes to disability in progressive MS? A brain and cervical cord\u2013matched quantitative MRI study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1849-3184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Tur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NMR Research Unit, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, UCL (University College London) Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK"},{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia (Cemcat). Vall d\u2019Hebron Institute of Research. Vall d\u2019Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Battiston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NMR Research Unit, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, UCL (University College London) Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marios C","family":"Yiannakas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NMR Research Unit, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, UCL (University College London) Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1506-8983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Collorone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NMR Research Unit, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, UCL (University College London) Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1953-2803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Calvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NMR Research Unit, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, UCL (University College London) Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 de Recerca Cl\u00ednic Barcelona\u2013Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferran","family":"Prados","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NMR Research Unit, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, UCL (University College London) Queen Square Institute of Neurology, 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Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, UCL (University College London) Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK"},{"name":"Radiomics Group, Vall d\u2019Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d\u2019Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Ricciardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NMR Research Unit, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, UCL (University College London) Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrizia","family":"Pajak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NMR Research Unit, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, UCL (University College London) Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, 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