{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T12:19:58Z","timestamp":1792153198336,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714003200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer's Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AARG-NTF-21-847409"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AARG-NTF-21-847409"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004917","name":"Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CPRIT RP180734"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPRIT RP180734"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004917","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG066749-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG066749-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AG070112-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AG070112-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01LM012806"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01LM012806"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AG079847"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AG079847"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000092","name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T15LM007093"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T15LM007093"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000092","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Effective and safe treatment options for multiple sclerosis (MS) are still needed. Montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) currently indicated for asthma or allergic rhinitis, may provide an additional therapeutic approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study aimed to evaluate the effects of montelukast on the relapses of people with MS (pwMS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this retrospective case\u2013control study, two independent longitudinal claims datasets were used to emulate randomized clinical trials (RCTs). We identified pwMS aged 18\u201365\u2009years, on MS disease-modifying therapies concomitantly, in de-identified claims from Optum\u2019s Clinformatics\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      Data Mart (CDM) and IQVIA PharMetrics\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      Plus for Academics. Cases included 483 pwMS on montelukast and with medication adherence in CDM and 208 in PharMetrics Plus for Academics. We randomly sampled controls from 35,330 pwMS without montelukast prescriptions in CDM and 10,128 in PharMetrics Plus for Academics. Relapses were measured over a 2-year period through inpatient hospitalization and corticosteroid claims. A doubly robust causal inference model estimated the effects of montelukast, adjusting for confounders and censored patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>pwMS treated with montelukast demonstrated a statistically significant 23.6% reduction in relapses compared to non-users in 67.3% of emulated RCTs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Real-world evidence suggested that montelukast reduces MS relapses, warranting future clinical trials and further research on LTRAs\u2019 potential mechanism in MS.<\/jats:p>\n                  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